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ACL Findings2021

GeoQA: A Geometric Question Answering Benchmark Towards Multimodal Numerical Reasoning

Jiaqi Chen, Jianheng Tang, Jinghui Qin, Xiaodan Liang, Lingbo Liu, Eric P. Xing, Liang Lin

Abstract

Automatic math problem solving has recently attracted increasing attention as a long-standing AI benchmark. In this paper, we focus on solving geometric problems, which requires a comprehensive understanding of textual descriptions, visual diagrams, and theorem knowledge. However, the existing methods were highly dependent on handcraft rules and were merely evaluated on small-scale datasets. Therefore, we propose a Geometric Question Answering dataset GeoQA, containing 4,998 geometric problems with corresponding annotated programs, which illustrate the solving process of the given problems. Compared with another publicly available dataset GeoS, GeoQA is 25 times larger, in which the program annotations can provide a practical testbed for future research on explicit and explainable numerical reasoning. Moreover, we introduce a Neural Geometric Solver (NGS) to address geometric problems by comprehensively parsing multimodal information and generating interpretable programs. We further add multiple self-supervised auxiliary tasks on NGS to enhance cross-modal semantic representation. Extensive experiments on GeoQA validate the effectiveness of our proposed NGS and auxiliary tasks. However, the results are still significantly lower than human performance, which leaves large room for future research. Our benchmark and code are released at https://github.com/chen-judge/GeoQA .

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Cited by top-tier papers85

  1. Vision-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in Multimodal Large Language ModelsWenxuan Huang, Bohan Jia, Shaosheng Cao, Zheyu Ye et al.ICLR 2026 · 670 citations
  2. MMaDA: Multimodal Large Diffusion Language ModelsLing Yang, Ye Tian, Bowen Li, Xinchen Zhang et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 255 citations
  3. We-Math: Does Your Large Multimodal Model Achieve Human-like Mathematical Reasoning?Runqi Qiao, Qiuna Tan, Guanting Dong, Minhui Wu et al.ACL 2025 · 236 citations
  4. GPG: A Simple and Strong Reinforcement Learning Baseline for Model ReasoningXiangxiang Chu, Hailang Huang, Xiao Zhang, Fei Wei et al.ICLR 2026 · 168 citations
  5. SoTA with Less: MCTS-Guided Sample Selection for Data-Efficient Visual Reasoning Self-ImprovementXiyao Wang, Zhengyuan Yang, Chao Feng, Hongjin Lu et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 158 citations

Builds on3

  1. Unicoder-VL: A Universal Encoder for Vision and Language by Cross-Modal Pre-TrainingGen Li, Nan Duan, Yuejian Fang, Ming Gong et al.AAAI 2020 · 966 citations
  2. Knowledge Graph Embedding CompressionMrinmaya SachanACL 2020 · 22 citations
  3. How Useful Is Self-Supervised Pretraining for Visual Tasks?Alejandro Newell, Jia DengCVPR 2020

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