WavePolyp: Video Polyp Segmentation via Hierarchical Wavelet-Based Feature Aggregation and Inter-Frame Divergence Perception

Automatic polyp segmentation from colonoscopy videos is a crucial technique that assists clinicians in improving the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis, preventing polyps from developing into cancer. However, video polyp segmentation (VPS) is a challenging task due to (1) the significant inter-frame divergence in videos, (2) the high camouflage of polyps in normal colon structures and (3) the clinical requirement of real-time performance. In this paper, we propose a novel segmentation network, WavePolyp, which consists of two innovative components: a hierarchical wavelet-based feature aggregation (HWFA) module and inter-frame divergence perception (IDP) blocks. Specifically, HWFA excavates and amplifies discriminative information from high-frequency and low-frequency features decomposed by wavelet transform, hierarchically aggregating them into refined spatial representations within each frame. This module enhances the representation capability of intra-frame spatial features, effectively addressing the high camouflage of polyps in normal colon structures. Furthermore, IDP perceives and captures inter-frame polyp divergence through a temporal divergence perception mechanism, enabling accurate polyp tracking while mitigating temporal inconsistencies caused by the significant inter-frame variations across frames. Extensive experiments conducted on the SUN-SEG and CVC-612 datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. Codes are available at https://github.com/FishballZhang/WavePolyp.