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ACL Findings2021

Assessing Dialogue Systems with Distribution Distances

Jiannan Xiang, Yahui Liu, Deng Cai, Huayang Li, Defu Lian, Lemao Liu

Abstract

An important aspect of developing dialogue systems is how to evaluate and compare the performance of different systems. Existing automatic evaluation metrics are based on turnlevel quality evaluation and use average scores for system-level comparison. In this paper, we propose to measure the performance of a dialogue system by computing the distributionwise distance between its generated conversations and real-world conversations. Specifically, two distribution-wise metrics, FBD and PRD, are developed and evaluated. Experiments on several dialogue corpora show that our proposed metrics correlate better with human judgments than existing metrics.

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Cited by top-tier papers6

  1. On the Evaluation Metrics for Paraphrase GenerationLingfeng Shen, Lemao Liu, Haiyun Jiang, Shuming ShiEMNLP 2022 · 29 citations
  2. Dialogues Are Not Just Text: Modeling Cognition for Dialogue Coherence EvaluationXue Li, Jia Su, Yang Yang, Zipeng Gao et al.AAAI 2024 · 5 citations
  3. A Unifying Information-theoretic Perspective on Evaluating Generative ModelsAlexis Fox, Samarth Swarup, Abhijin AdigaAAAI 2025 · 1 citation
  4. A Novel Approach to Evaluating Evaluation Metrics for Multi-Output Structured PredictionAkshay Vyas, Angelo Pimienta, Nicholas RuozziAAAI 2026
  5. On the Usefulness of Embeddings, Clusters and Strings for Text Generation EvaluationTiago Pimentel, Clara Meister, Ryan CotterellICLR 2023

Builds on7

  1. BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTTianyi Zhang, Varsha Kishore, Felix Wu, Kilian Q. Weinberger et al.ICLR 2020 · 8,443 citations
  2. ELECTRA: Pre-training Text Encoders as Discriminators Rather Than GeneratorsKevin Clark, Minh-Thang Luong, Quoc V. Le, Christopher D. ManningICLR 2020 · 541 citations
  3. GRADE: Automatic Graph-Enhanced Coherence Metric for Evaluating Open-Domain Dialogue SystemsLishan Huang, Zheng Ye, Jinghui Qin, Liang Lin et al.EMNLP 2020 · 73 citations
  4. BLEURT: Learning Robust Metrics for Text GenerationThibault Sellam, Dipanjan Das, Ankur P. ParikhACL 2020 · 40 citations
  5. Enhancing the Open-Domain Dialogue Evaluation in Latent SpaceZhangming Chan, Lemao Liu, Juntao Li, Haisong Zhang et al.ACL Findings 2021 · 14 citations

Related papers

  1. USR: An Unsupervised and Reference Free Evaluation Metric for Dialog GenerationShikib Mehri, Maxine EskénaziACL 2020 · 10 citations
  2. Measuring and Improving Semantic Diversity of Dialogue GenerationSeungju Han, Beomsu Kim, Buru ChangEMNLP Findings 2022 · 7 citations
  3. Predictive Engagement: An Efficient Metric for Automatic Evaluation of Open-Domain Dialogue SystemsSarik Ghazarian, Ralph M. Weischedel, Aram Galstyan, Nanyun PengAAAI 2020 · 62 citations
  4. DEnsity: Open-domain Dialogue Evaluation Metric using Density EstimationChaeHun Park, Seungil Chad Lee, Daniel Rim, Jaegul ChooACL Findings 2023 · 2 citations
  5. TTSDS2: Resources and Benchmark for Evaluating Human-Quality Text to Speech SystemsChristoph Minixhofer, Ondrej Klejch, Peter BellICLR 2026 · 16 citations
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