ACE: A LLM-based Negotiation Coaching System
Ryan Shea, Aymen Kallala, Xin Liu, Michael W. Morris, Zhou Yu
Abstract
The growing prominence of LLMs has led to an increase in the development of AI tutoring systems. These systems are crucial in providing underrepresented populations with improved access to valuable education. One important area of education that is unavailable to many learners is strategic bargaining related to negotiation. To address this, we develop a LLM-based Assistant for Coaching nEgotiation (ACE). ACE not only serves as a negotiation partner for users but also provides them with targeted feedback for improvement. To build our system, we collect a dataset of negotiation transcripts between MBA students. These transcripts come from trained negotiators and emulate realistic bargaining scenarios. We use the dataset, along with expert consultations, to design an annotation scheme for detecting negotiation mistakes. ACE employs this scheme to identify mistakes and provide targeted feedback to users. To test the effectiveness of ACE-generated feedback, we conducted a user experiment with two consecutive trials of negotiation and found that it improves negotiation performances significantly compared to a system that doesn't provide feedback and one which uses an alternative method of providing feedback. * denotes equal contribution. † denotes equal advising.
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Cited by top-tier papers3
- Richelieu: Self-Evolving LLM-Based Agents for AI DiplomacyZhenyu Guan, Xiangyu Kong, Fangwei Zhong, Yizhou WangNeurIPS 2024 · 48 citations
- ASTRA: A Negotiation Agent with Adaptive and Strategic Reasoning via Tool-integrated Action for Dynamic Offer OptimizationDeuksin Kwon, Jiwon Hae, Emma Clift, Daniel Shamsoddini et al.EMNLP 2025 · 1 citation
- MERIT Feedback Elicits Better Bargaining in LLM NegotiatorsJihwan Oh, Murad Aghazada, Yooju Shin, Se-Young Yun et al.ACL 2026 · 1 citation
Builds on2
- Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Tao Xu, Greg Brockman et al.ICML 2023 · 6,966 citations
- How Well Can LLMs Negotiate? NegotiationArena Platform and AnalysisFederico Bianchi, Patrick John Chia, Mert Yüksekgönül, Jacopo Tagliabue et al.ICML 2024 · 90 citations
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