Towards Immersive Human-X Interaction: A Real-Time Framework for Physically Plausible Motion Synthesis
Kaiyang Ji, Ye Shi, Zichen Jin, Kangyi Chen, Lan Xu, Yuexin Ma, Jingyi Yu, Jingya Wang
Abstract
Real-time synthesis of physically plausible human interactions remains a critical challenge for immersive VR/AR systems and humanoid robotics. While existing methods demonstrate progress in kinematic motion generation, they often fail to address the fundamental tension between real-time responsiveness, physical feasibility, and safety requirements in dynamic human-machine interactions. We introduce Human-X, a novel framework designed to enable immersive and physically plausible human interactions across diverse entities, including human-avatar, human-humanoid, and human-robot systems. Unlike existing approaches that focus on post-hoc alignment or simplified physics, our method jointly predicts actions and reactions in real-time using an auto-regressive reaction diffusion planner, ensuring seamless synchronization and context-aware responses. To enhance physical realism and safety, we integrate an actor-aware motion tracking policy trained with reinforcement learning, which dynamically adapts to interaction partners' movements while avoiding artifacts like foot sliding and penetration. Extensive experiments on the Inter-X and InterHuman datasets demonstrate significant improvements in motion quality, interaction continuity, and physical plausibility over state-of-the-art methods. Our framework is validated in real-world applications, including virtual reality interface for human-robot interaction, showcasing its potential for advancing human-robot collaboration.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Cited by top-tier papers14
- OpenHOI: Open-World Hand-Object Interaction Synthesis with Multimodal Large Language ModelZhenhao Zhang, Ye Shi, Lingxiao Yang, Suting Ni et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 25 citations
- Human-Object Interaction via Automatically Designed VLM-Guided Motion PolicyZekai Deng, Ye Shi, Kaiyang Ji, Lan Xu et al.ICLR 2026 · 11 citations
- Interact2Ar: Full-Body Human-Human Interaction Generation via Autoregressive Diffusion ModelsPablo Ruiz-Ponce, Sergio Escalera, José García Rodríguez, Jiankang Deng et al.CVPR 2026 · 6 citations
- UniHM: Unified Dexterous Hand Manipulation with Vision Language ModelZhenhao Zhang, Jiaxin Liu, Ye Shi, Jingya WangICLR 2026 · 4 citations
- TeamHOI: Learning a Unified Policy for Cooperative Human-Object Interactions with Any Team SizeStefan Lionar, Gim Hee LeeCVPR 2026 · 3 citations
Builds on39
- Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh et al.ICML 2021 · 47,906 citations
- Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic ModelsJonathan Ho, Ajay Jain, Pieter AbbeelNeurIPS 2020 · 35,902 citations
- Directly Denoising Diffusion ModelsDan Zhang, Jingjing Wang, Feng LuoICML 2024 · 11,724 citations
- Scalable Diffusion Models with TransformersWilliam Peebles, Saining XieICCV 2023 · 5,568 citations
- Video Diffusion ModelsJonathan Ho, Tim Salimans, Alexey A. Gritsenko, William Chan et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 2,948 citations
Related papers
- PhysReaction: Physically Plausible Real-Time Humanoid Reaction Synthesis via Forward Dynamics Guided 4D ImitationYunze Liu, Changxi Chen, Chenjing Ding, Li YiACM MM 2024 · 2 citations
- EchoAvatar: Real-time Generative Avatar Animation from Audio StreamsBohong Chen, Yumeng Li, Yinglin Xu, Youyi Zheng et al.SIGGRAPH 2026
- ReMoGen: Real-time Human Interaction-to-Reaction Generation via Modular Learning from Diverse DataYaoqin Ye, Yiteng Xu, Qin Sun, Xinge Zhu et al.CVPR 2026 · 2 citations
- InterDiff: Generating 3D Human-Object Interactions with Physics-Informed DiffusionSirui Xu, Zhengyuan Li, Yu-Xiong Wang, Liang-Yan GuiICCV 2023 · 201 citations
- SyncDiff: Synchronized Motion Diffusion for Multi-Body Human-Object Interaction SynthesisWenkun He, Yun Liu, Ruitao Liu, Li YiICCV 2025 · 1 citation
