Practical Zero-Knowledge PIOP for Maliciously Secure Multiparty Homomorphic Encryption

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a foundational technology in privacy-enhancing cryptography, enabling computation over encrypted data. Recently, generalized HE primitives designed for multi-party applications, such as multi-party HE (MPHE), have garnered significant research interest. While constructing secure multi-party protocols from MPHE in the semi-honest model is straightforward, achieving malicious security remains challenging as it requires zero-knowledge arguments of knowledge (ZKAoKs) for MPHE ciphertexts and public keys.