SATTC: Structure-Aware Label-Free Test-Time Calibration for Cross-Subject EEG-to-Image Retrieval

Cross-subject EEG-to-image retrieval for visual decoding is challenged by subject shift and hubness in the embedding space, which distort similarity geometry and destabilize top-k rankings, making small-k shortlists unreliable. We introduce SATTC (Structure-Aware Test-Time Calibration), a label-free calibration head that operates directly on the similarity matrix of frozen EEG and image encoders. SATTC combines a geometric expert-subject-adaptive whitening of EEG embeddings with an adaptive variant of Crossdomain Similarity Local Scaling (CSLS)-and a structural expert built from mutual nearest neighbors, bidirectional top-k ranks, and class popularity, fused via a simple Product-of-Experts rule. On THINGS-EEG2 under a strict leave-one-subject-out protocol, standardized inference with cosine similarities, ℓ 2 -normalized embeddings, and candidate whitening already yields a strong crosssubject baseline over the original ATM retrieval setup. Building on this baseline, SATTC further improves Top-1 and Top-5 accuracy, reduces hubness and per-class imbalance, and produces more reliable small-k shortlists. These gains transfer across multiple EEG encoders, supporting SATTC as an encoder-agnostic, label-free test-time calibration layer for cross-subject neural decoding. Code is available at https://github.com/QunjieHuang/ SATTC-CVPR2026