SALMUBench: A Benchmark for Sensitive Association-Level Multimodal Unlearning
Cai Selvas-Sala, Lei Kang, Lluís Gómez
Abstract
As multimodal models like CLIP become integral to downstream systems, the need to remove sensitive information is critical. However, machine unlearning for contrastively-trained encoders remains underexplored, and existing evaluations fail to diagnose fine-grained, association-level forgetting. We introduce SALMUBench (Sensitive Association-Level Multimodal Unlearning), a benchmark built upon a synthetic dataset of 60K persona-attribute associations and two foundational models: a Compromised model polluted with this data, and a Clean model without it. To isolate unlearning effects, both are trained from scratch on the same 400M-pair retain base, with the Compromised model additionally trained on the sensitive set. We propose a novel evaluation protocol with structured holdout sets (holdout identity, holdout association) to precisely measure unlearning efficacy and collateral damage. Our benchmark reveals that while utility-efficient deletion is feasible, current methods exhibit distinct failure modes: they either fail to forget effectively or over-generalize by erasing more than intended. SALMUBench sets a new standard for comprehensive unlearning evaluation, and we publicly release our dataset, models, evaluation scripts, and leaderboards to foster future research.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext 75996049-c353-4710-bee6-8988b78464d5Builds on13
- Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh et al.ICML 2021 · 47,906 citations
- Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion ModelsLvmin Zhang, Anyi Rao, Maneesh AgrawalaICCV 2023 · 6,759 citations
- BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and GenerationJunnan Li, Dongxu Li, Caiming Xiong, Steven C. H. HoiICML 2022 · 6,549 citations
- Machine UnlearningLucas Bourtoule, Varun Chandrasekaran, Christopher A. Choquette-Choo, Hengrui Jia et al.S&P 2021 · 1,381 citations
- Certified Data Removal from Machine Learning ModelsChuan Guo, Tom Goldstein, Awni Y. Hannun, Laurens van der MaatenICML 2020 · 633 citations
Related papers
- Forget to Know, Remember to Use: Context-Aware Unlearning for Large Language ModelsYuefeng Peng, Parnian Afshar, Megan Ganji, Thomas Butler et al.ICML 2026 · 1 citation
- Single Image Unlearning: Efficient Machine Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language ModelsJiaqi Li, Qianshan Wei, Chuanyi Zhang, Guilin Qi et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 62 citations
- A Fully Probabilistic Perspective on Large Language Model Unlearning: Evaluation and OptimizationAnda Cheng, Wei Huang, Yinggui WangEMNLP 2025
- ASRU: Activation Steering Meets Reinforcement Unlearning for Multimodal Large Language ModelsJiahui Guang, Haiyan Wang, Yingjie Zhu, Cuiyun Gao et al.ICML 2026
- CLIPErase: Efficient Unlearning of Visual-Textual Associations in CLIPTianyu Yang, Lisen Dai, Xiangqi Wang, Minhao Cheng et al.ACL 2025 · 18 citations
