On the Robustness of Large Multimodal Models Against Image Adversarial Attacks
Xuanming Cui, Alejandro Aparcedo, Young Kyun Jang, Ser-Nam Lim
Abstract
Recent advances in instruction tuning have led to the development of State-of-the-Art Large Multimodal Models (LMMs). Given the novelty of these models, the impact of visual adversarial attacks on LMMs has not been thoroughly examined. We conduct a comprehensive study of the robustness of various LMMs against different adversarial attacks, evaluated across tasks including image classification, image captioning, and Visual Question Answer (VQA). We find that in general LMMs are not robust to visual adversarial inputs. However, our findings suggest that context provided to the model via prompts-such as questions in a QA pair-helps to mitigate the effects of visual adversarial inputs. Notably, the LMMs evaluated demonstrated remarkable resilience to such attacks on the ScienceQA task with only an 8.10% drop in performance compared to their visual counterparts which dropped 99.73%. We also propose a new approach to real-world image classification which we term query decomposition. By incorporating existence queries into our input prompt we observe diminished attack effectiveness and improvements in image classification accuracy. This research highlights a previously under explored facet of LMM robustness and sets the stage for future work aimed at strengthening the resilience of multimodal systems in adversarial environments.
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Cited by top-tier papers39
- AdvEDM: Fine-grained Adversarial Attack against VLM-based Embodied AgentsYichen Wang, Hangtao Zhang, Hewen Pan, Ziqi Zhou et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 27 citations
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- When Lighting Deceives: Exposing Vision-Language Models' Illumination Vulnerability Through Illumination Transformation AttackHanqing Liu, Shouwei Ruan, Yao Huang, Shiji Zhao et al.ICCV 2025 · 13 citations
Builds on14
- Visual Instruction TuningHaotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Qingyang Wu, Yong Jae LeeNeurIPS 2023 · 11,349 citations
- Towards Evaluating the Robustness of Neural NetworksNicholas Carlini, David A. WagnerS&P 2017 · 9,786 citations
- BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language ModelsJunnan Li, Dongxu Li, Silvio Savarese, Steven C. H. HoiICML 2023 · 7,873 citations
- Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot LearningJean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jeff Donahue, Pauline Luc, Antoine Miech et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 6,707 citations
- Finetuned Language Models are Zero-Shot LearnersJason Wei, Maarten Bosma, Vincent Y. Zhao, Kelvin Guu et al.ICLR 2022 · 4,966 citations
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