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ACL Findings2023

Is Continuous Prompt a Combination of Discrete Prompts? Towards a Novel View for Interpreting Continuous Prompts

Tianjie Ju, Yubin Zheng, Hanyi Wang, Haodong Zhao, Gongshen Liu

Abstract

The broad adoption of continuous prompts has brought state-of-the-art results on a diverse array of downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Nonetheless, little attention has been paid to the interpretability and transferability of continuous prompts. Faced with the challenges, we investigate the feasibility of interpreting continuous prompts as the weighting of discrete prompts by jointly optimizing prompt fidelity and downstream fidelity. Our experiments show that: (1) one can always find a combination of discrete prompts as the replacement of continuous prompts that performs well on downstream tasks; (2) our interpretable framework faithfully reflects the reasoning process of source prompts; (3) our interpretations provide effective readability and plausibility, which is helpful to understand the decisionmaking of continuous prompts and discover potential shortcuts. Moreover, through the bridge constructed between continuous prompts and discrete prompts using our interpretations, it is promising to implement the cross-model transfer of continuous prompts without extra training signals. We hope this work will lead to a novel perspective on the interpretations of continuous prompts.

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Cited by top-tier papers1

  1. Wayward Concepts In Multimodal ModelsBrandon Trabucco, Max Gurinas, Kyle Doherty, Russ SalakhutdinovICLR 2025

Builds on10

  1. Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
  2. AutoPrompt: Eliciting Knowledge from Language Models with Automatically Generated PromptsTaylor Shin, Yasaman Razeghi, Robert L. Logan IV, Eric Wallace et al.EMNLP 2020 · 1,162 citations
  3. True Few-Shot Learning with Language ModelsEthan Perez, Douwe Kiela, Kyunghyun ChoNeurIPS 2021 · 547 citations
  4. On the Sentence Embeddings from Pre-trained Language ModelsBohan Li, Hao Zhou, Junxian He, Mingxuan Wang et al.EMNLP 2020 · 538 citations
  5. Differentiable Prompt Makes Pre-trained Language Models Better Few-shot LearnersNingyu Zhang, Luoqiu Li, Xiang Chen, Shumin Deng et al.ICLR 2022 · 205 citations

Related papers

  1. Zero-Shot Continuous Prompt Transfer: Generalizing Task Semantics Across Language ModelsZijun Wu, Yongkang Wu, Lili MouICLR 2024 · 9 citations
  2. TransPrompt: Towards an Automatic Transferable Prompting Framework for Few-shot Text ClassificationChengyu Wang, Jianing Wang, Minghui Qiu, Jun Huang et al.EMNLP 2021 · 39 citations
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  5. Fuzzy Reasoning Chain (FRC): An Innovative Reasoning Framework from Fuzziness to ClarityPing Chen, Xiang Li, Zhaoxiang Liu, Zezhou Chen et al.EMNLP Findings 2025
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