VETA-DiT: Variance-Equalized and Temporally Adaptive Quantization for Efficient 4-bit Diffusion Transformers

Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance in visual generation tasks, surpassing traditional U-Net-based diffusion models by significantly improving image and video generation quality and scalability. However, the large model size and iterative denoising process introduce substantial computational and memory overhead, limiting their deployment in realworld applications. Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a promising solution that compresses models and accelerates inference by converting weights and activations to low-bit representations. Despite its potential, PTQ faces significant challenges when applied to DiTs, often resulting in severe degradation of generative quality. To address these issues, we propose VETA-DiT (Variance-Equalized and Temporal Adaptation for Diffusion Transformers), a dedicated quantization framework for DiTs. Our method first analyzes the sources of quantization error from the perspective of inter-channel variance and introduces a Karhunen-Loève Transform enhanced alignment to equalize variance across channels, facilitating effective quantization under low bit-widths. Furthermore, to handle the temporal variation of activation distributions inherent in the iterative denoising steps of DiTs, we design an incoherence-aware adaptive method that identifies and properly calibrates timesteps with high quantization difficulty. We validate VETA-DiT on extensive image and video generation tasks, preserving acceptable visual quality under the more aggressive W4A4 configuration. Specifically, VETA-DiT reduces FID by 33.65 on the DiT-XL/2 model and by 45.76 on the PixArt-Σ model compared to the baseline under W4A4, demonstrating its strong quantization capability and generative performance. Code is available at: https://github.com/xululi0223/VETA-DiT.