A Machine with Short-Term, Episodic, and Semantic Memory Systems
Taewoon Kim, Michael Cochez, Vincent François-Lavet, Mark A. Neerincx, Piek Vossen
Abstract
Inspired by the cognitive science theory of the explicit human memory systems, we have modeled an agent with shortterm, episodic, and semantic memory systems, each of which is modeled with a knowledge graph. To evaluate this system and analyze the behavior of this agent, we designed and released our own reinforcement learning agent environment, "the Room", where an agent has to learn how to encode, store, and retrieve memories to maximize its return by answering questions. We show that our deep Q-learning based agent successfully learns whether a short-term memory should be forgotten, or rather be stored in the episodic or semantic memory systems. Our experiments indicate that an agent with humanlike memory systems can outperform an agent without this memory structure in the environment. The code is opensourced at https://github.com/humemai/agent-room-env-v1 .
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Cited by top-tier papers3
- Memoria: Resolving Fateful Forgetting Problem through Human-Inspired Memory ArchitectureSangjun Park, JinYeong BakICML 2024 · 6 citations
- MaDS: Long-Horizon GUI Automation via Synergizing Dual-Layer Memory and Multi-Round DebatePengchen Chen, Shi Chen, Qiming Ye, Xinli Chen et al.ACL 2026
- Hypothesis-Driven Reasoning for Large Language ModelsAakash Kumar Agarwal, Moyuru YamadaAAAI 2026
Builds on2
- Learning Fast, Learning Slow: A General Continual Learning Method based on Complementary Learning SystemElahe Arani, Fahad Sarfraz, Bahram ZonoozICLR 2022 · 168 citations
- Improved Schemes for Episodic Memory-based Lifelong LearningYunhui Guo, Mingrui Liu, Tianbao Yang, Tajana RosingNeurIPS 2020 · 105 citations
Related papers
- REMem: Reasoning with Episodic Memory in Language AgentYiheng Shu, Padmaja Jonnalagedda, Xiang Gao, Bernal Jimenez Gutierrez et al.ICLR 2026 · 20 citations
- PlugMem: A Task-Agnostic Plugin Memory Module for LLM AgentsKe Yang, Zixi Chen, Xuan He, Jize Jiang et al.ICML 2026 · 20 citations
- Large Language Models Are Semi-Parametric Reinforcement Learning AgentsDanyang Zhang, Lu Chen, Situo Zhang, Hongshen Xu et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 56 citations
- Seeing, Listening, Remembering, and Reasoning: A Multimodal Agent with Long-Term MemoryLin Long, Yichen He, Wentao Ye, Yiyuan Pan et al.ICLR 2026 · 90 citations
- Embodied Agents Meet Personalization: Investigating Challenges and Solutions Through the Lens of Memory UtilizationTaeyoon Kwon, Dongwook Choi, Hyojun Kim, Sunghwan Kim et al.ICLR 2026 · 14 citations
