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ACL Findings2025

Core: Robust Factual Precision with Informative Sub-Claim Identification

Zhengping Jiang, Jingyu Zhang, Nathaniel Weir, Seth Ebner, Miriam Wanner, Kate Sanders, Daniel Khashabi, Anqi Liu, Benjamin Van Durme

Abstract

Hallucinations pose a challenge to the application of large language models, thereby motivating the development of metrics to evaluate factual precision. We observe that popular metrics using the Decompose-Then-Verify framework, such as FACTSCORE, can be manipulated by adding obvious or repetitive subclaims to artificially inflate scores. This observation motivates our new customizable plug-and-play subclaim selection component called CORE, which filters down individual subclaims according to their uniqueness and informativeness. We show that popular factual precision metrics augmented by CORE are substantially more robust on a wide range of knowledge domains. We release an evaluation framework supporting easy and modular use of CORE and various decomposition strategies, which we recommend adoption by the community. We also release an expansion of the FACTSCORE biography dataset to facilitate further studies of decompositionbased factual precision evaluation.

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Cited by top-tier papers2

  1. Conformal Linguistic Calibration: Trading-off between Factuality and SpecificityZhengping Jiang, Anqi Liu, Benjamin Van DurmeNeurIPS 2025 · 22 citations
  2. Optimizing Decomposition for Optimal Claim VerificationYining Lu, Noah Ziems, Hy Dang, Meng JiangACL 2025 · 5 citations

Builds on17

  1. Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
  2. Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackLong Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 24,707 citations
  3. LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language ModelsEdward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu et al.ICLR 2022 · 18,833 citations
  4. Large Language Models Struggle to Learn Long-Tail KnowledgeNikhil Kandpal, Haikang Deng, Adam Roberts, Eric Wallace et al.ICML 2023 · 623 citations
  5. Adversarial NLI: A New Benchmark for Natural Language UnderstandingYixin Nie, Adina Williams, Emily Dinan, Mohit Bansal et al.ACL 2020 · 602 citations

Related papers

  1. DnDScore: Decontextualization and Decomposition for Factuality Verification in Long-Form Text GenerationMiriam Wanner, Benjamin Van Durme, Mark DredzeEMNLP 2025 · 17 citations
  2. MedScore: Generalizable Factuality Evaluation of Open-ended Long-form Medical Answers by Domain-adapted Claim Decomposition and VerificationHeyuan Huang, Alexandra DeLucia, Vijay Murari Tiyyala, Mark DredzeACL Findings 2026 · 2 citations
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