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EMNLP Findings2025

FaMTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark in Persian Language

Erfan Zinvandi, Morteza Alikhani, Mehran Sarmadi, Zahra Pourbahman, Sepehr Arvin, Reza Kazemi, Arash Amini

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a comprehensive benchmark for Persian (Farsi) text embeddings, built upon the Massive Text Embedding Benchmark (MTEB). Our benchmark includes 63 datasets spanning seven different tasks: classification, clustering, pair classification, reranking, retrieval, summary retrieval, and semantic textual similarity. The datasets are a combination of existing, translated, and newly generated (synthetic) data, offering a diverse and robust evaluation framework for Persian language models. All newly translated and synthetic datasets were rigorously evaluated by both humans and automated systems to ensure high quality and reliability. Given the growing adoption of text embedding models in chatbots, evaluation datasets are becoming an essential component of chatbot development and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems. As a contribution, we include chatbot evaluation datasets in the MTEB benchmark for the first time. Additionally, we introduce the novel task of summary retrieval, which is not included in the standard MTEB tasks. Another key contribution of this work is the introduction of a substantial number of new Persianlanguage NLP datasets for both training and evaluation, many of which have no existing counterparts in Persian. We evaluate the performance of several Persian and multilingual embedding models across a wide range of tasks. This work presents an open-source benchmark with datasets 1 , accompanying code, and a public leaderboard 2 .

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Cited by top-tier papers2

  1. HUME: Measuring the Human-Model Performance Gap in Text Embedding TasksAdnan El Assadi, Isaac Chung, Roman Solomatin, Niklas Muennighoff et al.ICLR 2026 · 8 citations
  2. SkMTEB: Slovak Massive Text Embedding Benchmark and Model AdaptationMarek Suppa, Andrej Ridzik, Daniel Hládek, Natália Knazeková et al.ACL 2026

Builds on3

  1. Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP TasksPatrick Lewis, Ethan Perez, Aleksandra Piktus, Fabio Petroni et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 19,162 citations
  2. M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge DistillationJianlyu Chen, Shitao Xiao, Peitian Zhang, Kun Luo et al.ACL Findings 2024 · 762 citations
  3. PL-MTEB: Polish Massive Text Embedding BenchmarkRafal Poswiata, Slawomir Dadas, Michal Wiktor PerelkiewiczACL Findings 2026

Related papers

  1. MTEB-NL and E5-NL: Embedding Benchmark and Models for DutchNikolay Banar, Ehsan Lotfi, Jens Van Nooten, Cristina Arhiliuc et al.ACL Findings 2026
  2. MMTEB: Massive Multilingual Text Embedding BenchmarkKenneth C. Enevoldsen, Isaac Chung, Imene Kerboua, Márton Kardos et al.ICLR 2025 · 10 citations
  3. TR-MTEB: A Comprehensive Benchmark and Embedding Model Suite for Turkish Sentence RepresentationsMehmet Selman Baysan, Tunga GungorEMNLP Findings 2025 · 3 citations
  4. Are We on the Right Way to Assess Document Retrieval-Augmented Generation?Wenxuan Shen, Mingjia Wang, Yaochen Wang, Dongping Chen et al.AAAI 2026
  5. AOEB: Benchmarking Agent-Oriented Multimodal EmbeddingsXin Zhang, Jiaxin Xu, mengjia zhou, Xinping Zhao et al.ICML 2026
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