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ACL Findings2024

StableToolBench: Towards Stable Large-Scale Benchmarking on Tool Learning of Large Language Models

Zhicheng Guo, Sijie Cheng, Hao Wang, Shihao Liang, Yujia Qin, Peng Li, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun, Yang Liu

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, prompting the exploration of tool learning, which integrates LLMs with external tools to address diverse real-world challenges. Assessing the capability of LLMs to utilise tools necessitates large-scale and stable benchmarks. However, previous works relied on either handcrafted online tools with limited scale, or largescale real online APIs suffering from instability of API status. To address this problem, we introduce StableToolBench, a benchmark evolving from ToolBench, proposing a virtual API server and stable evaluation system. The virtual API server contains a caching system and API simulators which are complementary to alleviate the change in API status. Meanwhile, the stable evaluation system designs solvable pass and win rates using GPT-4 as the automatic evaluator to eliminate the randomness during evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate the stability of StableToolBench, and further discuss the effectiveness of API simulators, the caching system, and the evaluator system.

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Cited by top-tier papers29

  1. AndroidLab: Training and Systematic Benchmarking of Android Autonomous AgentsYifan Xu, Xiao Liu, Xueqiao Sun, Siyi Cheng et al.ACL 2025 · 71 citations
  2. Tool Learning in the Wild: Empowering Language Models as Automatic Tool AgentsZhengliang Shi, Shen Gao, Lingyong Yan, Yue Feng et al.WWW 2025 · 59 citations
  3. Magnet: Multi-turn Tool-use Data Synthesis and Distillation via Graph TranslationFan Yin, Zifeng Wang, I-Hung Hsu, Jun Yan et al.ACL 2025 · 23 citations
  4. Benchmarking LLM Tool-Use in the WildPeijie Yu, Wei Liu, Yifan Yang, Jinjian Li et al.ICLR 2026 · 20 citations
  5. Divide-Then-Aggregate: An Efficient Tool Learning Method via Parallel Tool InvocationDongsheng Zhu, Weixian Shi, Zhengliang Shi, Zhaochun Ren et al.ACL 2025 · 16 citations

Builds on11

  1. Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
  2. Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use ToolsTimo Schick, Jane Dwivedi-Yu, Roberto Dessì, Roberta Raileanu et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 5,989 citations
  3. Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIsShishir G. Patil, Tianjun Zhang, Xin Wang, Joseph E. GonzalezNeurIPS 2024 · 1,715 citations
  4. Chameleon: Plug-and-Play Compositional Reasoning with Large Language ModelsPan Lu, Baolin Peng, Hao Cheng, Michel Galley et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 515 citations
  5. GPT4Tools: Teaching Large Language Model to Use Tools via Self-instructionRui Yang, Lin Song, Yanwei Li, Sijie Zhao et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 340 citations

Related papers

  1. StableToolBench-MirrorAPI: Modeling Tool Environments as Mirrors of 7, 000+ Real-World APIsZhicheng Guo, Sijie Cheng, Yuchen Niu, Hao Wang et al.ACL Findings 2025 · 1 citation
  2. AnyTool: Self-Reflective, Hierarchical Agents for Large-Scale API CallsYu Du, Fangyun Wei, Hongyang ZhangICML 2024 · 104 citations
  3. ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIsYujia Qin, Shihao Liang, Yining Ye, Kunlun Zhu et al.ICLR 2024 · 1,469 citations
  4. API-Bank: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Tool-Augmented LLMsMinghao Li, Yingxiu Zhao, Bowen Yu, Feifan Song et al.EMNLP 2023 · 72 citations
  5. ACEBench: A Comprehensive Evaluation of LLM Tool UsageChen Chen, Xinlong Hao, Weiwen Liu, Xu Huang et al.EMNLP Findings 2025 · 1 citation
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