EMNLP Findings2025
Your Mileage May Vary: How Empathy and Demographics Shape Human Preferences in LLM Responses
Yishan Wang, Amanda Cercas Curry, Flor Miriam Plaza del Arco
Abstract
As large language models (LLMs) increasingly assist in subjective decision-making (e.g., moral reasoning, advice), it is critical to understand whose preferences they align with and why. While prior work uses aggregate human judgments, demographic variation and its linguistic drivers remain underexplored. We present a comprehensive analysis of how demographic background and empathy level correlate with preferences for LLM-generated dilemma responses, alongside a systematic study of predictive linguistic features (e.g., agency, emotional tone). Our findings reveal significant demographic divides and identify markers (e.g., power verbs, tentative phrasing) that predict group-level differences. These results underscore the need for demographically informed LLM evaluation.
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Builds on8
- The Illusion of Empathy? Notes on Displays of Emotion in Human-Computer InteractionAndrea Cuadra, Maria Wang, Lynn Andrea Stein, Malte F. Jung et al.CHI 2024 · 75 citations
- Apathetic or Empathetic? Evaluating LLMs' Emotional Alignments with HumansJen-tse Huang, Man Ho Lam, Eric John Li, Shujie Ren et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 63 citations
- Auto-Arena: Automating LLM Evaluations with Agent Peer Battles and Committee DiscussionsRuochen Zhao, Wenxuan Zhang, Yew Ken Chia, Weiwen Xu et al.ACL 2025 · 34 citations
- EmotionQueen: A Benchmark for Evaluating Empathy of Large Language ModelsYuyan Chen, Songzhou Yan, Sijia Liu, Yueze Li et al.ACL Findings 2024 · 30 citations
- D3CODE: Disentangling Disagreements in Data across Cultures on Offensiveness Detection and EvaluationAida Mostafazadeh Davani, Mark Diaz, Dylan K. Baker, Vinodkumar PrabhakaranEMNLP 2024 · 3 citations
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