AEG: Argumentative Essay Generation via A Dual-Decoder Model with Content Planning
Jianzhu Bao, Yasheng Wang, Yitong Li, Fei Mi, Ruifeng Xu
Abstract
Argument generation is an important but challenging task in computational argumentation. Existing studies have mainly focused on generating individual short arguments, while research on generating long and coherent argumentative essays is still under-explored. In this paper, we propose a new task, Argumentative Essay Generation (AEG). Given a writing prompt, the goal of AEG is to automatically generate an argumentative essay with strong persuasiveness. We construct a large-scale dataset, ArgEssay, for this new task and establish a strong model based on a dual-decoder Transformer architecture. Our proposed model contains two decoders, a planning decoder (PD) and a writing decoder (WD), where PD is used to generate a sequence for essay content planning and WD incorporates the planning information to write an essay. Further, we pre-train this model on a large news dataset to enhance the plan-and-write paradigm. Automatic and human evaluation results show that our model can generate more coherent and persuasive essays with higher diversity and less repetition compared to several baselines. 1
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Cited by top-tier papers4
- Prove Your Point!: Bringing Proof-Enhancement Principles to Argumentative Essay GenerationRuiyu Xiao, Lei Wu, Yuhang Gou, Weinan Zhang et al.EMNLP 2024 · 3 citations
- Plan Dynamically, Express Rhetorically: A Debate-Driven Rhetorical Framework for Argumentative WritingXueguan Zhao, Wenpeng Lu, Chaoqun Zheng, Weiyu Zhang et al.EMNLP 2025 · 1 citation
- ArgGenBench: Benchmarking the Complex Controlled Argument Generation Capability of Large Language ModelsBojun Jin, Jianzhu Bao, Yang Sun, Yice Zhang et al.ACL 2026
- SAD: A Large-Scale Strategic Argumentative Dialogue DatasetYongkang Liu, Jiayang Yu, Mingyang Wang, Yiqun Zhang et al.ACL 2026
Builds on9
- Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
- BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and ComprehensionMike Lewis, Yinhan Liu, Naman Goyal, Marjan Ghazvininejad et al.ACL 2020 · 1,224 citations
- MEGATRON-CNTRL: Controllable Story Generation with External Knowledge Using Large-Scale Language ModelsPeng Xu, Mostofa Patwary, Mohammad Shoeybi, Raul Puri et al.EMNLP 2020 · 104 citations
- PAIR: Planning and Iterative Refinement in Pre-trained Transformers for Long Text GenerationXinyu Hua, Lu WangEMNLP 2020 · 44 citations
- Sentence-Permuted Paragraph GenerationWenhao Yu, Chenguang Zhu, Tong Zhao, Zhichun Guo et al.EMNLP 2021 · 2 citations
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