Rethinking Mesh Watermark: Towards Highly Robust and Adaptable Deep 3D Mesh Watermarking
Xingyu Zhu, Guanhui Ye, Xiapu Luo, Xuetao Wei
Abstract
The goal of 3D mesh watermarking is to embed the message in 3D meshes that can withstand various attacks imperceptibly and reconstruct the message accurately from watermarked meshes. The watermarking algorithm is supposed to withstand multiple attacks, and the complexity should not grow significantly with the mesh size. Unfortunately, previous methods are less robust against attacks and lack of adaptability. In this paper, we propose a robust and adaptable deep 3D mesh watermarking DE E P3DMA R K that leverages attention-based convolutions in watermarking tasks to embed binary messages in vertex distributions without texture assistance. Furthermore, our DE E P3DMA R K exploits the property that simplified meshes inherit similar relations from the original ones, where the relation is the offset vector directed from one vertex to its neighbor. By doing so, our method can be trained on simplified meshes but remains effective on large size meshes (size adaptable) and unseen categories of meshes (geometry adaptable). Extensive experiments demonstrate our method remains efficient and effective even if the mesh size is 190× increased. Under mesh attacks, DE E P3DMA R K achieves 10%∼50% higher accuracy than traditional methods, and 2× higher SNR and 8% higher accuracy than previous DNN-based methods.
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Cited by top-tier papers4
- Mesh Watermark Removal Attack and Mitigation: A Novel Perspective of Function SpaceXingyu Zhu, Guanhui Ye, Chengdong Dong, Xiapu Luo et al.AAAI 2025 · 2 citations
- DreaMark: Rooting Watermark in Score Distillation Sampling Generated Neural Radiance FieldsXingyu Zhu, Xiapu Luo, Xuetao WeiAAAI 2025 · 1 citation
- NGS-Marker: Robust Native Watermarking for 3D Gaussian SplattingHao Qin, Yukai Sun, Luyuan Chen, Mengxu Lu et al.ICLR 2026
- Mark4D: Temporally-Consistent Watermarking for 4D Gaussian SplattingJaejin Lee, Minjae Jeong, Joonhyuk Park, Yechan Hwang et al.CVPR 2026
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- Think Twice Before Detecting GAN-generated Fake Images from their Spectral Domain ImprintsChengdong Dong, Ajay Kumar, Eryun LiuCVPR 2022 · 61 citations
- Deep geometric texture synthesisAmir Hertz, Rana Hanocka, Raja Giryes, Daniel Cohen-OrSIGGRAPH 2020 · 55 citations
- Deep 3D-to-2D Watermarking: Embedding Messages in 3D Meshes and Extracting Them from 2D RenderingsInnfarn Yoo, Huiwen Chang, Xiyang Luo, Ondrej Stava et al.CVPR 2022 · 39 citations
- ExMeshCNN: An Explainable Convolutional Neural Network Architecture for 3D Shape AnalysisSeonggyeom Kim, Dong-Kyu ChaeKDD 2022 · 13 citations
- GraspNet-1Billion: A Large-Scale Benchmark for General Object GraspingHaoshu Fang, Chenxi Wang, Minghao Gou, Cewu LuCVPR 2020
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