Enhancing Microservices Anomaly Detection via Multimodal Data Fusion in the Wavelet Domain and Spatiotemporal Graph-based Diffusion Probabilistic Model

Microservices architecture has become increasingly popular in modern software systems, yet its complexity also poses challenges for failure diagnosis. Existing literature has deficiencies in multimodal data mining, mainly in two aspects: first, the mining of multimodal data is insufficient, failing to fully exploit the rich information contained in different types of data; second, the analysis of spatiotemporal features of multimodal data is not thorough, failing to fully explore the potential associations of data in the temporal and spatial dimensions. To address these issues, this paper proposes a new method for anomaly detection in microservices. We transform three types of modal data into the wavelet domain and achieve fusion among modalities based on an attention mechanism, fully utilizing the inherent characteristics of multimodal data in the frequency and temporal domains. This fusion process can extract new information that does not exist in the original modalities, thereby enhancing the model's ability to detect anomalies. In addition, we propose a new diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) based on spatiotemporal graphs, which combines spatiotemporal learning capabilities with the uncertainty measurement of DDPM to generate future samples in a non-autoregressive manner, achieving multi-horizon prediction. Experimental results show that our method significantly improves anomaly detection performance on three public datasets and a real-world production system, demonstrating its effectiveness in microservices anomaly detection.