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ACL Findings2025

LTRAG: Enhancing Autoformalization and Self-refinement for Logical Reasoning with Thought-Guided RAG

Ruikang Hu, Shaoyu Lin, Yeliang Xiu, Yongmei Liu

Abstract

Logical reasoning is fundamental to intelligent systems. Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promise in natural language (NL) reasoning, especially with techniques like chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting. Neurosymbolic methods like Logic-LM and LINC further enhance performance on challenging datasets FOLIO and AR-LSAT by integrating formalization with LLMs and symbolic solvers, and possibly refinement with LLMs. However, these methods still struggle with the accurate formalization of complex NL problems. In this paper, we introduce LTRAG, a framework to enhance autoformalization and selfrefinement for logical reasoning with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), by building knowledge bases of thought-guided examples 1 . Experimental results on FOLIO and AR-LSAT show that LTRAG consistently outperforms Logic-LM and LINC across different models. On GPT-4 and AR-LSAT, it achieves an accuracy gain of 13% over Logic-LM.

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Cited by top-tier papers3

  1. DRIFT: Decompose, Retrieve, Illustrate, then Formalize TheoremsMeiru Zhang, Philipp Borchert, Milan Gritta, Gerasimos LampourasICLR 2026 · 8 citations
  2. Expecto: Extracting Formal Specifications from Natural Language Description for Trustworthy OraclesDongjae Lee, Kihong HeoPLDI 2026
  3. LogicSAGE: Neuro-Symbolic Reasoning with Socratic-Guided EnhancementJinlong Tian, Jiang Yu, Kewei Cheng, Fengxiang Cheng et al.ICML 2026

Builds on15

  1. Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
  2. Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP TasksPatrick Lewis, Ethan Perez, Aleksandra Piktus, Fabio Petroni et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 19,162 citations
  3. Large Language Models are Zero-Shot ReasonersTakeshi Kojima, Shixiang Shane Gu, Machel Reid, Yutaka Matsuo et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 8,168 citations
  4. STaR: Bootstrapping Reasoning With ReasoningEric Zelikman, Yuhuai Wu, Jesse Mu, Noah D. GoodmanNeurIPS 2022 · 1,126 citations
  5. Active Retrieval Augmented GenerationZhengbao Jiang, Frank F. Xu, Luyu Gao, Zhiqing Sun et al.EMNLP 2023 · 315 citations

Related papers

  1. PrefRAG: Correcting Semantic Errors in Auto-Formalization for Logical Reasoning with Program Preference RAGYuyin Zhou, Yongmei LiuACL Findings 2026
  2. Logic-LM: Empowering Large Language Models with Symbolic Solvers for Faithful Logical ReasoningLiangming Pan, Alon Albalak, Xinyi Wang, William Yang WangEMNLP Findings 2023 · 145 citations
  3. CoT-RAG: Integrating Chain of Thought and Retrieval-Augmented Generation to Enhance Reasoning in Large Language ModelsFeiyang Li, Peng Fang, Zhan Shi, Arijit Khan et al.EMNLP Findings 2025 · 11 citations
  4. LCR-RAG: Enhancing Logical Consistency in Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Neuro-symbolic Reinforcement LearningWenxiang Zheng, Guo Tang, Shixin Jiang, Liangyu Huo et al.ACL 2026
  5. Empowering GraphRAG with Knowledge Filtering and IntegrationKai Guo, Harry Shomer, Shenglai Zeng, Haoyu Han et al.EMNLP 2025 · 2 citations
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