Convergence of Actor-Critic with Multi-Layer Neural Networks
Haoxing Tian, Alex Olshevsky, Yannis Paschalidis
Abstract
The early theory of actor-critic methods considered convergence using linear function approximators for the policy and value functions. Recent work has established convergence using neural network approximators with a single hidden layer. In this work we are taking the natural next step and establish convergence using deep neural networks with an arbitrary number of hidden layers, thus closing a gap between theory and practice. We show that actor-critic updates projected on a ball around the initial condition will converge to a neighborhood where the average of the squared gradients is Õ (1/ √ m) + O (ϵ), with m being the width of the neural network and ϵ the approximation quality of the best critic neural network over the projected set.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext 5a39df32-5633-4c12-b653-db4ac9a10587Cited by top-tier papers4
- The Serial Scaling HypothesisYuxi Liu, Konpat Preechakul, Kananart Kuwaranancharoen, Yutong BaiICLR 2026 · 12 citations
- Closing the Gap: Achieving Global Convergence (Last Iterate) of Actor-Critic under Markovian Sampling with Neural Network ParametrizationMudit Gaur, Amrit S. Bedi, Di Wang, Vaneet AggarwalICML 2024
- Finite-Time Analysis of Actor-Critic Methods with Deep Neural Network ApproximationXuyang Chen, Fengzhuo Zhang, Keyu Yan, Lin ZhaoICLR 2026
- Finite-time Convergence Analysis of Actor-Critic with Evolving RewardRui Hu, Yu Chen, Longbo HuangICML 2026
Builds on8
- Neural Policy Gradient Methods: Global Optimality and Rates of ConvergenceLingxiao Wang, Qi Cai, Zhuoran Yang, Zhaoran WangICLR 2020 · 270 citations
- A Finite-Time Analysis of Two Time-Scale Actor-Critic MethodsYue Wu, Weitong Zhang, Pan Xu, Quanquan GuNeurIPS 2020 · 189 citations
- On the linearity of large non-linear models: when and why the tangent kernel is constantChaoyue Liu, Libin Zhu, Mikhail BelkinNeurIPS 2020 · 183 citations
- Closing the Gap: Tighter Analysis of Alternating Stochastic Gradient Methods for Bilevel ProblemsTianyi Chen, Yuejiao Sun, Wotao YinNeurIPS 2021 · 176 citations
- A Finite-Time Analysis of Q-Learning with Neural Network Function ApproximationPan Xu, Quanquan GuICML 2020 · 79 citations
Related papers
- Single-Timescale Actor-Critic Provably Finds Globally Optimal PolicyZuyue Fu, Zhuoran Yang, Zhaoran WangICLR 2021 · 52 citations
- Finite-Time Global Optimality Convergence in Deep Neural Actor-Critic Methods for Decentralized Multi-Agent Reinforcement LearningZhiyao Zhang, Myeung Suk Oh, Hairi, Ziyue Luo et al.ICML 2025
- On the Performance of Temporal Difference Learning With Neural NetworksHaoxing Tian, Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis, Alex OlshevskyICLR 2023
- Wasserstein Flow Meets Replicator Dynamics: A Mean-Field Analysis of Representation Learning in Actor-CriticYufeng Zhang, Siyu Chen, Zhuoran Yang, Michael I. Jordan et al.NeurIPS 2021 · 6 citations
- From Ticks to Flows: Dynamics of Neural Reinforcement Learning in Continuous EnvironmentsSaket Tiwari, Tejas Kotwal, George Dimitri KonidarisICLR 2026
