ClusT3: Information Invariant Test-Time Training
Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Hakim, David Osowiechi, Mehrdad Noori, Milad Cheraghalikhani, Ali Bahri, Ismail Ben Ayed, Christian Desrosiers
Abstract
Deep Learning models have shown remarkable performance in a broad range of vision tasks. However, they are often vulnerable to domain shifts at test-time. Test-time training (TTT) methods have been developed in an attempt to mitigate these vulnerabilities, where a secondary task is solved at training time, simultaneously with the main task, to be later used as an self-supervised proxy task at test-time. In this work, we propose a novel unsupervised TTT technique based on the maximization of Mutual Information between multi-scale feature maps and a discrete latent representation, which can be integrated to the standard training as an auxiliary clustering task. Experimental results demonstrate competitive classification performance on different popular test-time adaptation benchmarks. The code can be found at: https://github.com/dosowiechi/ClusT3.git
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Install the CLIlune papers fulltext 596ab006-df8e-4b59-b7bf-e4ce27488e71Cited by top-tier papers10
- WATT: Weight Average Test Time Adaptation of CLIPDavid Osowiechi, Mehrdad Noori, Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Hakim, Moslem Yazdanpanah et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 46 citations
- Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language Models for Open-Vocabulary Semantic SegmentationMehrdad Noori, David Osowiechi, Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Hakim, Ali Bahri et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 13 citations
- Leveraging Large Language Models for Collective Decision-MakingMarios Papachristou, Longqi Yang, Chin-Chia HsuCSCW 2025 · 10 citations
- NC-TTT: A Noise Constrastive Approach for Test-Time TrainingDavid Osowiechi, Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Hakim, Mehrdad Noori, Milad Cheraghalikhani et al.CVPR 2024 · 10 citations
- Beyond Entropy: Region Confidence Proxy for Wild Test-Time AdaptationZixuan Hu, Yichun Hu, Xiaotong Li, Shixiang Tang et al.ICML 2025
Builds on11
- A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual RepresentationsTing Chen, Simon Kornblith, Mohammad Norouzi, Geoffrey E. HintonICML 2020 · 24,064 citations
- An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at ScaleAlexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn et al.ICLR 2021 · 21,477 citations
- Do We Really Need to Access the Source Data? Source Hypothesis Transfer for Unsupervised Domain AdaptationJian Liang, Dapeng Hu, Jiashi FengICML 2020 · 1,624 citations
- Test-Time Training with Self-Supervision for Generalization under Distribution ShiftsYu Sun, Xiaolong Wang, Zhuang Liu, John Miller et al.ICML 2020 · 1,220 citations
- Invariant Information Clustering for Unsupervised Image Classification and SegmentationXu Ji, Andrea Vedaldi, João F. HenriquesICCV 2019 · 956 citations
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