SynDiSC: High-Quality Tabular Data Synthesis with Distributional and Semantic Consistency

Synthesizing high-quality tabular data is essential for privacy-preserving data analysis. However, this task remains challenging due to two key factors: (1) distribution complexity : imbalanced and skewed data make it challenging to learn the data distribution accurately; and (2) semantic coherence : implicit relationships and logical dependencies among fields must be preserved to ensure valid and meaningful synthetic samples. To address these issues, we propose SynDiSC, a high-quality tabular data synthesis approach that enforces both distributional and semantic consistency. It comprises three core designs: (1) a distribution-aware encoding that effectively handles heterogeneous data types and complex distributions; (2) a multi-dimensional semantic conditioning that leverages multi-dimensional conditional dependencies to enforce semantic validity during generation; and (3) a conditional consistency controller that guides the generator to produce diverse samples satisfying multiple conditional constraints while mitigating mode collapse. Extensive experiments on datasets from various application domains demonstrate that SynDiSC significantly improves data quality, conditional controllability, and downstream task performance compared to state-of-the-art methods. Our code and data samples are open-sourced in the GitHub repository. https://github.com/Knightz9/SynDiSC.