EMNLP Findings2024
Unraveling the Truth: Do VLMs really Understand Charts? A Deep Dive into Consistency and Robustness
Srija Mukhopadhyay, Adnan Qidwai, Aparna Garimella, Pritika Ramu, Vivek Gupta, Dan Roth
Abstract
Chart question answering (CQA) is a crucial area of Visual Language Understanding. However, the robustness and consistency of current Visual Language Models (VLMs) in this field remain under-explored. This paper evaluates state-of-the-art VLMs on comprehensive datasets, developed specifically for this study, encompassing diverse question categories and chart formats. We investigate two key aspects: 1) the models' ability to handle varying levels of chart and question complexity, and 2) their robustness across different visual representations of the same underlying data. Our analysis reveals significant performance variations based on question and chart types, highlighting both strengths and weaknesses of current models. Additionally, we identify areas for improvement and propose future research directions to build more robust and reliable CQA systems. This study sheds light on the limitations of current models and paves the way for future advancements in the field.
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Cited by top-tier papers3
- ChartAgent: A Multimodal Agent for Visually Grounded Reasoning in Complex Chart Question AnsweringRachneet Kaur, Nishan Srishankar, Zhen Zeng, Sumitra GaneshACL 2026 · 5 citations
- MMClima: A Framework for Multimodal Climate Science Data and EvaluationMuhammad Umer Sheikh, Hassan Abid, Khawar shehzad, Ufaq Khan et al.ICML 2026 · 2 citations
- Scaling Text-Rich Image Understanding via Code-Guided Synthetic Multimodal Data GenerationYue Yang, Ajay Patel, Matt Deitke, Tanmay Gupta et al.ACL 2025
Builds on9
- Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
- Pix2Struct: Screenshot Parsing as Pretraining for Visual Language UnderstandingKenton Lee, Mandar Joshi, Iulia Raluca Turc, Hexiang Hu et al.ICML 2023 · 426 citations
- On Evaluating Adversarial Robustness of Large Vision-Language ModelsYunqing Zhao, Tianyu Pang, Chao Du, Xiao Yang et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 404 citations
- ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical ReasoningAhmed Masry, Do Xuan Long, Jia Qing Tan, Shafiq R. Joty et al.ACL Findings 2022 · 389 citations
- Answering Questions about Charts and Generating Visual ExplanationsDae Hyun Kim, Enamul Hoque, Maneesh AgrawalaCHI 2020 · 121 citations
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- ChartMind: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Complex Real-world Multimodal Chart Question AnsweringJingxuan Wei, Nan Xu, Junnan Zhu, Yanni Hao et al.EMNLP 2025 · 6 citations
- ChartR: Evaluating Reasoning Accuracy and Robustness in Chart Question AnsweringXiaojun Chen, Sixiao Luo, Ziqi Liu, Min Yang et al.CVPR 2026
- STL-CQA: Structure-based Transformers with Localization and Encoding for Chart Question AnsweringHrituraj Singh, Sumit ShekharEMNLP 2020 · 42 citations
- POLYCHARTQA: Benchmarking Large Vision-Language Models with Multilingual Chart Question AnsweringYichen Xu, Liangyu Chen, Liang Zhang, Zihao Yue et al.ACL 2026 · 2 citations
