EMNLP Findings2024
Authorship Obfuscation in Multilingual Machine-Generated Text Detection
Dominik Macko, Róbert Móro, Adaku Uchendu, Ivan Srba, Jason Samuel Lucas, Michiharu Yamashita, Nafis Irtiza Tripto, Dongwon Lee, Jakub Simko, Mária Bieliková
Abstract
High-quality text generation capability of recent Large Language Models (LLMs) causes concerns about their misuse (e.g., in massive generation/spread of disinformation). Machinegenerated text (MGT) detection is important to cope with such threats. However, it is susceptible to authorship obfuscation (AO) methods, such as paraphrasing, which can cause MGTs to evade detection. So far, this was evaluated only in monolingual settings. Thus, the susceptibility of recently proposed multilingual detectors is still unknown. We fill this gap by comprehensively benchmarking the performance of 10 well-known AO methods, attacking 37 MGT detection methods against MGTs in 11 languages (i.e., 10 × 37 × 11 = 4,070 combinations). We also evaluate the effect of data augmentation on adversarial robustness using obfuscated texts. The results indicate that all tested AO methods can cause evasion of automated detection in all tested languages, where homoglyph attacks are especially successful. However, some of the AO methods severely damaged the text, making it no longer readable or easily recognizable by humans (e.g., changed language, weird characters).
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Cited by top-tier papers3
- Authorship Attribution in Multilingual Machine-Generated TextsLucio La Cava, Dominik Macko, Róbert Móro, Ivan Srba et al.ACL 2026 · 7 citations
- M4GT-Bench: Evaluation Benchmark for Black-Box Machine-Generated Text DetectionYuxia Wang, Jonibek Mansurov, Petar Ivanov, Jinyan Su et al.ACL 2024
- Learning From Dictionary: Enhancing Robustness of Machine-Generated Text Detection in Zero-Shot Language via Adversarial TrainingYuanfan Li, Qi Zhou, Zexuan XieICLR 2026
Builds on22
- BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTTianyi Zhang, Varsha Kishore, Felix Wu, Kilian Q. Weinberger et al.ICLR 2020 · 8,443 citations
- Extracting Training Data from Large Language ModelsNicholas Carlini, Florian Tramèr, Eric Wallace, Matthew Jagielski et al.USENIX Security 2021 · 2,866 citations
- DetectGPT: Zero-Shot Machine-Generated Text Detection using Probability CurvatureEric Mitchell, Yoonho Lee, Alexander Khazatsky, Christopher D. Manning et al.ICML 2023 · 988 citations
- Paraphrasing evades detectors of AI-generated text, but retrieval is an effective defenseKalpesh Krishna, Yixiao Song, Marzena Karpinska, John Wieting et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 657 citations
- Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at ScaleAlexis Conneau, Kartikay Khandelwal, Naman Goyal, Vishrav Chaudhary et al.ACL 2020 · 539 citations
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- Adversarial Paraphrasing: A Universal Attack for Humanizing AI-Generated TextYize Cheng, Vinu Sankar Sadasivan, Mehrdad Saberi, Shoumik Saha et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 28 citations
