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ACL Findings2025

mStyleDistance: Multilingual Style Embeddings and their Evaluation

Justin Qiu, Jiacheng Zhu, Ajay Patel, Marianna Apidianaki, Chris Callison-Burch

Abstract

Style embeddings are useful for stylistic analysis and style transfer; however, only English style embeddings have been made available. We introduce Multilingual STYLEDISTANCE (MSTYLEDISTANCE), a multilingual style embedding model trained using synthetic data and contrastive learning. We train the model on data from nine languages and create a multilingual STEL-or-Content benchmark (Wegmann et al., 2022) that serves to assess the embeddings' quality. We also employ our embeddings in an authorship verification task involving different languages. Our results show that MSTYLEDISTANCE embeddings outperform existing models on these multilingual style benchmarks and generalize well to unseen features and languages. We make our model publicly available at https://huggingface. co/StyleDistance/mstyledistance.

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Cited by top-tier papers1

  1. Leveraging Multilingual Training for Authorship Representation: Enhancing Generalization across Languages and DomainsJunghwan Kim, Haotian Zhang, David JurgensEMNLP 2025 · 3 citations

Builds on6

  1. LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language ModelsEdward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu et al.ICLR 2022 · 18,833 citations
  2. Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at ScaleAlexis Conneau, Kartikay Khandelwal, Naman Goyal, Vishrav Chaudhary et al.ACL 2020 · 539 citations
  3. A Textbook Remedy for Domain Shifts: Knowledge Priors for Medical Image AnalysisYue Yang, Mona Gandhi, Yufei Wang, Yifan Wu et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 21 citations
  4. Revisiting non-English Text Simplification: A Unified Multilingual BenchmarkMichael J. Ryan, Tarek Naous, Wei XuACL 2023 · 14 citations
  5. Learning Interpretable Style Embeddings via Prompting LLMsAjay Patel, Delip Rao, Ansh Kothary, Kathleen R. McKeown et al.EMNLP Findings 2023 · 10 citations

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