ProgSCA: Software Composition Analysis via Program-Level Modeling

Software composition analysis (SCA) aims to identify third-party dependencies in programs, which plays a critical role in ensuring software supply chain security. Existing approaches largely follow a rule-based paradigm: they first compute function-level similarities, then aggregate these results using handcrafted heuristics to determine which third-party libraries (TPLs) the target program depends on. However, such rules require substantial manual effort and expert knowledge to design, tune, and maintain. To address this, we present ProgSCA, an SCA framework based on a two-stage strategy and program-level rather than function-level modeling. ProgSCA formulates SCA as a retrieval problem, first employing lightweight methods to quickly filter out irrelevant libraries from numerous candidate TPLs, then using a model trained at the program level to directly predict dependency between programs. Comprehensive evaluations show that ProgSCA achieves state-of-the-art performance in SCA tasks, improving F1 scores over existing methods by 174% and 100% in two mainstream scenarios, respectively. Moreover, ProgSCA maintains a consistent advantage across different datasets and different candidate pool scales, and also proves effective in the downstream task of function similarity matching, further demonstrating the practical value of our approach.