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EMNLP Findings2025

Bridging the Dynamic Perception Gap: Training-Free Draft Chain-of-Thought for Dynamic Multimodal Spatial Reasoning

Siqu Ou, Hongcheng Liu, Pingjie Wang, Yusheng Liao, Chuan Xuan, Yanfeng Wang, Yu Wang

Abstract

While chains-of-thought (CoT) have advanced complex reasoning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), existing methods remain confined to text or static visual domains, often faltering in dynamic spatial reasoning tasks. To bridge this gap, we present GRASS-LAND, a novel maze navigation benchmark designed to evaluate dynamic spatial reasoning. Our experiments show that augmenting textual reasoning chains with dynamic visual drafts, overlaid on input images, significantly outperforms conventional approaches, offering new insights into spatial reasoning in evolving environments. To generalize this capability, we propose D2R (Dynamic Draft-Augmented Reasoning), a training-free framework that seamlessly integrates textual CoT with corresponding visual drafts into MLLMs. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that D2R consistently enhances performance across diverse tasks, establishing a robust baseline for dynamic spatial reasoning without requiring model fine-tuning. Project is open at https://github.com/Cratileo/ D2R.

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Cited by top-tier papers1

  1. When Seeing Is not Enough: Revealing the Limits of Active Reasoning in MLLMsHongcheng Liu, Pingjie Wang, Yuhao Wang, Siqu Ou et al.ACL 2026

Builds on10

  1. Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language ModelsShunyu Yao, Dian Yu, Jeffrey Zhao, Izhak Shafran et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 5,068 citations
  2. MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual ContextsPan Lu, Hritik Bansal, Tony Xia, Jiacheng Liu et al.ICLR 2024 · 1,472 citations
  3. DDCoT: Duty-Distinct Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Multimodal Reasoning in Language ModelsGe Zheng, Bin Yang, Jiajin Tang, Hong-Yu Zhou et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 252 citations
  4. Compositional Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Large Multimodal ModelsChancharik Mitra, Brandon Huang, Trevor Darrell, Roei HerzigCVPR 2024 · 62 citations
  5. LlaVA-CoT: Let Vision Language Models Reason Step-By-StepGuowei Xu, Peng Jin, Ziang Wu, Hao Li et al.ICCV 2025 · 37 citations

Related papers

  1. Reasoning Within the Mind: Dynamic Multimodal Interleaving in Latent SpaceChengzhi Liu, Yuzhe Yang, Yue Fan, Qingyue Wei, Sheng Liu, Xin Eric WangCVPR Findings 2026
  2. Imagine While Reasoning in Space: Multimodal Visualization-of-ThoughtChengzu Li, Wenshan Wu, Huanyu Zhang, Yan Xia et al.ICML 2025
  3. EgoMind: Activating Spatial Cognition through Linguistic Reasoning in MLLMsZhenghao Chen, Huiqun Wang, Di HuangCVPR 2026 · 4 citations
  4. TVI-CoT: Text-Visual Interleaved Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Multimodal UnderstandingLianyu Hu, Xiaoyu Ma, Zeqin Liao, Yang LiuICML 2026 · 2 citations
  5. Mitigating Low-Quality Reasoning in MLLMs: Self-Driven Refined Multimodal CoT with Selective Thinking and Step-wise Visual EnhancementChongjun Tu, Peng Ye, Dongzhan Zhou, Tao Chen et al.AAAI 2026
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