Cross-domain Rumor Detection via Test-Time Adaptation and Large Language Models

Rumor detection on social media has become crucial due to the rapid spread of misinformation. Existing approaches primarily focus on within-domain tasks, resulting in suboptimal performance in cross-domain scenarios due to domain shift. To address this limitation, we draw inspiration from the strong generalization capabilities of Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) and propose a novel framework to enhance rumor detection performance across different domains. Specifically, we introduce Test-Time Adaptation for Rumor Detection (T 2 ARD), which incorporates both single-domain model and target graph adaptation strategies tailored to the unique requirements of cross-domain rumor detection. T 2 ARD utilizes a graph adaptation module that updates the graph structure and node attributes through multi-level self-supervised contrastive learning, aiming to derive invariant graph representations. To mitigate the impact of significant distribution shifts on self-supervised signals, T 2 ARD performs model adaptation by using annotations from Large Language Models (LLMs) on target graph to produce pseudo-labels as supervised signals. Experiments conducted on four widely used cross-domain datasets demonstrate that T 2 ARD achieves state-of-the-art performance, surpassing existing methods in rumor detection.