CITE: Benchmarking Heterogeneous Text-Attributed Graph Models

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and text-aware graph learning have increased interest in reasoning over textattributed graphs (TAGs). In many real-world settings, such graphs are inherently heterogeneous, with most existing benchmarks remaining largely homogeneous in structure. As a result, the lack of large-scale benchmarks for heterogeneous text-attributed graphs has hindered systematic evaluation and fair comparison of existing methods. In this work, we introduce CITE -Catalytic Information Textual Entities Graph, the first and largest heterogeneous text-attributed citation graph benchmark for catalytic materials. CITE contains over 438K nodes and 1.2M edges spanning four node types and four relation types, with rich node-level textual information. We establish standardized evaluation protocols for node classification and link prediction, and conduct ablation studies to assess the impact of graph heterogeneity and textual attributes. Using CITE, we benchmark four classes of learning paradigms, including homogeneous graph models, heterogeneous graph models, LLM-centric models, and LLM+Graph models. By providing a largescale heterogeneous text-attributed benchmark together with standardized evaluation protocols and comprehensive baselines, CITE enables systematic assessment across diverse modeling paradigms and offers new insights into textaware and LLM-enhanced graph learning. The dataset 1 , codebase and evaluation suite 2 are publicly available.