Trust The Typical
Debargha Ganguly, Sreehari Sankar, Biyao Zhang, Vikash Singh, Kanan Gupta, Harshini Kavuru, Alan Luo, Weicong Chen, Warren Richard Morningstar, Raghu Machiraju, Vipin Chaudhary
Abstract
Current approaches to LLM safety fundamentally rely on a brittle cat-and-mouse game of identifying and blocking known threats via guardrails. We argue for a fresh approach: robust safety comes not from enumerating what is harmful, but from deeply understanding what is safe. We introduce Trust The Typical (T3), a framework that operationalizes this principle by treating safety as an out-of-distribution (OOD) detection problem. T3 learns the distribution of acceptable prompts in a semantic space and flags any significant deviation as a potential threat. Unlike prior methods, it requires no training on harmful examples, yet achieves state-of-the-art performance across 18 benchmarks spanning toxicity, hate speech, jailbreaking, multilingual harms, and over-refusal, reducing false positive rates by up to 40x relative to specialized safety models. A single model trained only on safe English text transfers effectively to diverse domains and over 14 languages without retraining. Finally, we demonstrate production readiness by integrating a GPU-optimized version into vLLM, enabling continuous guardrailing during token generation with less than 6% overhead even under dense evaluation intervals on large-scale workloads.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext 30cdcf1e-2a69-4f49-b5b3-b9cb95950629Cited by top-tier papers1
Ask how each one uses itBuilds on21
- Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackLong Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 24,707 citations
- Extracting Training Data from Large Language ModelsNicholas Carlini, Florian Tramèr, Eric Wallace, Matthew Jagielski et al.USENIX Security 2021 · 2,866 citations
- Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentionWoosuk Kwon, Zhuohan Li, Siyuan Zhuang, Ying Sheng et al.SOSP 2023 · 1,016 citations
- Mind the Gap: Understanding the Modality Gap in Multi-modal Contrastive Representation LearningWeixin Liang, Yuhui Zhang, Yongchan Kwon, Serena Yeung et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 834 citations
- ReAct: Out-of-distribution Detection With Rectified ActivationsYiyou Sun, Chuan Guo, Yixuan LiNeurIPS 2021 · 733 citations
Related papers
- On Prompt-Driven Safeguarding for Large Language ModelsChujie Zheng, Fan Yin, Hao Zhou, Fandong Meng et al.ICML 2024 · 116 citations
- CAST: A Compiler-Based Framework for Systematically Testing LLM Compositional SafetyLu Yan, Zhuo Zhang, Xiangzhe Xu, Shengwei An et al.ISSTA 2026
- How Catastrophic is Your LLM? Certifying Risks in ConversationChengxiao Wang, Isha Chaudhary, Qian Hu, Weitong Ruan et al.ICLR 2026 · 1 citation
- JBShield: Defending Large Language Models from Jailbreak Attacks through Activated Concept Analysis and ManipulationShenyi Zhang, Yuchen Zhai, Keyan Guo, Hongxin Hu et al.USENIX Security 2025
- Disentangling Adversarial Prompts: A Semantic-Graph Defense for Robust LLM SecurityXiang Fang, Wanlong FangAAAI 2026 · 4 citations
