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EMNLP Findings2024

Cost-Efficient Subjective Task Annotation and Modeling through Few-Shot Annotator Adaptation

Preni Golazizian, Alireza Salkhordeh Ziabari, Ali Omrani, Morteza Dehghani

Abstract

In subjective NLP tasks, where a single ground truth does not exist, the inclusion of diverse annotators becomes crucial as their unique perspectives significantly influence the annotations. In realistic scenarios, the annotation budget often becomes the main determinant of the number of perspectives (i.e., annotators) included in the data and subsequent modeling. We introduce a novel framework for annotation collection and modeling in subjective tasks that aims to minimize the annotation budget while maximizing the predictive performance for each annotator. Our framework has a twostage design: first, we rely on a small set of annotators to build a multitask model, and second, we augment the model for a new perspective by strategically annotating a few samples per annotator. To test our framework at scale, we introduce and release a unique dataset, Moral Foundations Subjective Corpus, of 2000 Reddit posts annotated by 24 annotators for moral sentiment. We demonstrate that our framework surpasses the previous SOTA in capturing the annotators' individual perspectives with as little as 25% of the original annotation budget on two datasets. Furthermore, our framework results in more equitable models, reducing the performance disparity among annotators.

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Cited by top-tier papers2

  1. From Jack of All Trades to Master of One: Specializing LLM-based Autoraters to a Test SetMara Finkelstein, Daniel Deutsch, Parker Riley, Juraj Juraska et al.ICML 2025
  2. Humans Hallucinate Too: Language Models Identify and Correct Subjective Annotation Errors With Label-in-a-Haystack PromptsGeorgios Chochlakis, Peter Wu, Arjun Bedi, Marcus Ma et al.EMNLP 2025

Builds on7

  1. LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language ModelsEdward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu et al.ICLR 2022 · 18,833 citations
  2. Human Uncertainty Makes Classification More RobustJoshua C. Peterson, Ruairidh M. Battleday, Thomas L. Griffiths, Olga RussakovskyICCV 2019 · 362 citations
  3. Toward a Perspectivist Turn in Ground Truthing for Predictive ComputingFederico Cabitza, Andrea Campagner, Valerio BasileAAAI 2023 · 236 citations
  4. CoAnnotating: Uncertainty-Guided Work Allocation between Human and Large Language Models for Data AnnotationMinzhi Li, Taiwei Shi, Caleb Ziems, Min-Yen Kan et al.EMNLP 2023 · 33 citations
  5. Which Examples Should be Multiply Annotated? Active Learning When Annotators May DisagreeConnor Baumler, Anna Sotnikova, Hal Daumé IIIACL Findings 2023 · 9 citations

Related papers

  1. Unveiling the Multi-Annotation Process: Examining the Influence of Annotation Quantity and Instance Difficulty on Model PerformancePritam Kadasi, Mayank SinghEMNLP Findings 2023 · 2 citations
  2. Noise Correction on Subjective DatasetsUthman Jinadu, Yi DingACL 2024 · 2 citations
  3. MultiPICo: Multilingual Perspectivist Irony CorpusSilvia Casola, Simona Frenda, Soda Marem Lo, Erhan Sezerer et al.ACL 2024 · 2 citations
  4. Annotator-Centric Active Learning for Subjective NLP TasksMichiel van der Meer, Neele Falk, Pradeep K. Murukannaiah, Enrico LiscioEMNLP 2024 · 3 citations
  5. You Are What You Annotate: Towards Better Models through Annotator RepresentationsNaihao Deng, Xinliang Frederick Zhang, Siyang Liu, Winston Wu et al.EMNLP Findings 2023 · 5 citations
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