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EMNLP Findings2024

Factcheck-Bench: Fine-Grained Evaluation Benchmark for Automatic Fact-checkers

Yuxia Wang, Revanth Gangi Reddy, Zain Muhammad Mujahid, Arnav Arora, Aleksandr Rubashevskii, Jiahui Geng, Osama Mohammed Afzal, Liangming Pan, Nadav Borenstein, Aditya Pillai, Isabelle Augenstein, Iryna Gurevych, Preslav Nakov

Abstract

The increased use of large language models (LLMs) across a variety of real-world applications calls for mechanisms to verify the factual accuracy of their outputs. In this work, we present Factcheck-Bench, a holistic endto-end framework for annotating and evaluating the factuality of LLM-generated responses, which encompasses a multi-stage annotation scheme designed to yield detailed labels for fact-checking and correcting not just the final prediction, but also the intermediate steps that a fact-checking system might need to take. Based on this framework, we construct an opendomain factuality benchmark in three-levels of granularity: claim, sentence, and document. We further propose a system, Factcheck-GPT, which follows our framework, and we show that it outperforms several popular LLM factcheckers. We make our annotation tool, benchmark, and code available at https://github. com/yuxiaw/Factcheck-GPT.

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Cited by top-tier papers18

  1. Conformal Linguistic Calibration: Trading-off between Factuality and SpecificityZhengping Jiang, Anqi Liu, Benjamin Van DurmeNeurIPS 2025 · 22 citations
  2. BiDeV: Bilateral Defusing Verification for Complex Claim Fact-CheckingYuxuan Liu, Hongda Sun, Wenya Guo, Xinyan Xiao et al.AAAI 2025 · 11 citations
  3. Optimizing Decomposition for Optimal Claim VerificationYining Lu, Noah Ziems, Hy Dang, Meng JiangACL 2025 · 5 citations
  4. Efficiency and Effectiveness of LLM-Based Summarization of Evidence in Crowdsourced Fact-CheckingKevin Roitero, Dustin Wright, Michael Soprano, Isabelle Augenstein et al.SIGIR 2025 · 5 citations
  5. Explaining Sources of Uncertainty in Automated Fact-CheckingJingyi Sun, Greta Warren, Irina Shklovski, Isabelle AugensteinACL 2026 · 3 citations

Builds on21

  1. How Language Model Hallucinations Can SnowballMuru Zhang, Ofir Press, William Merrill, Alisa Liu et al.ICML 2024 · 406 citations
  2. SelfCheckGPT: Zero-Resource Black-Box Hallucination Detection for Generative Large Language ModelsPotsawee Manakul, Adian Liusie, Mark J. F. GalesEMNLP 2023 · 331 citations
  3. Chain-of-Verification Reduces Hallucination in Large Language ModelsShehzaad Dhuliawala, Mojtaba Komeili, Jing Xu, Roberta Raileanu et al.ACL Findings 2024 · 281 citations
  4. FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text GenerationSewon Min, Kalpesh Krishna, Xinxi Lyu, Mike Lewis et al.EMNLP 2023 · 225 citations
  5. HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language ModelsJunyi Li, Xiaoxue Cheng, Xin Zhao, Jian-Yun Nie et al.EMNLP 2023 · 224 citations

Related papers

  1. Long-form factuality in large language modelsJerry Wei, Chengrun Yang, Xinying Song, Yifeng Lu et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 182 citations
  2. Factuality of Large Language Models: A SurveyYuxia Wang, Minghan Wang, Muhammad Arslan Manzoor, Fei Liu et al.EMNLP 2024 · 23 citations
  3. FactLens: Benchmarking Fine-Grained Fact VerificationKushan Mitra, Dan Zhang, Sajjadur Rahman, Estevam HruschkaACL Findings 2025 · 2 citations
  4. SummEdits: Measuring LLM Ability at Factual Reasoning Through The Lens of SummarizationPhilippe Laban, Wojciech Kryscinski, Divyansh Agarwal, Alexander R. Fabbri et al.EMNLP 2023 · 29 citations
  5. FaStFact: Faster, Stronger Long-Form Factuality Evaluations in LLMsYingjia Wan, Haochen Tan, Xiao Zhu, Xinyu Zhou et al.EMNLP Findings 2025 · 2 citations
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