EMNLP Findings2025
GRIL: Knowledge Graph Retrieval-Integrated Learning with Large Language Models
Jialin Chen, Houyu Zhang, Seongjun Yun, Alejandro Mottini, Rex Ying, Xiang Song, Vassilis N. Ioannidis, Zheng Li, Qingjun Cui
Abstract
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has significantly mitigated the hallucinations of Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding the generation with external knowledge. Recent extensions of RAG to graph-based retrieval offer a promising direction, leveraging the structural knowledge for multi-hop reasoning. However, existing graph RAG typically decouples retrieval and reasoning processes, which prevents the retriever from adapting to the reasoning needs of the LLM. They also struggle with scalability when performing multi-hop expansion over large-scale graphs, or depend heavily on annotated ground-truth entities, which are often unavailable in opendomain settings. To address these challenges, we propose a novel graph retriever trained endto-end with LLM, which features an attentionbased growing and pruning mechanism, adaptively navigating multi-hop relevant entities while filtering out noise. Within the extracted subgraph, structural knowledge and semantic features are encoded via soft tokens and the verbalized graph, respectively, which are infused into the LLM together, thereby enhancing its reasoning capability and facilitating interactive joint training of the graph retriever and the LLM reasoner. Experimental results across three QA benchmarks show that our approach consistently achieves state-of-the-art performance, validating the strength of joint graph-LLM optimization for complex reasoning tasks. Notably, our framework eliminates the need for predefined ground-truth entities by directly optimizing the retriever using LLM logits as implicit feedback, making it especially effective in open-domain settings.
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Cited by top-tier papers3
- Autonomous Knowledge Graph Exploration with Adaptive Breadth-Depth RetrievalJoaquín Polonuer, Lucas Vittor, Iñaki Arango, Ayush Noori et al.ACL 2026 · 1 citation
- S-Path-RAG: Semantic-Aware Shortest-Path Retrieval Augmented Generation for Multi-Hop Knowledge Graph Question AnsweringRong Fu, Yemin Wang, Tianxiang Xu, Yongtai Liu et al.WWW 2026 · 1 citation
- Question-Adaptive Graph Learning for Multi-hop Retrieval Augmented GenerationYuchen Yan, Peiyan Zhang, Zhihua Liu, Hao Wang et al.SIGIR 2026
Builds on13
- Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
- Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP TasksPatrick Lewis, Ethan Perez, Aleksandra Piktus, Fabio Petroni et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 19,162 citations
- LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language ModelsEdward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu et al.ICLR 2022 · 18,833 citations
- Reasoning on Graphs: Faithful and Interpretable Large Language Model ReasoningLinhao Luo, Yuan-Fang Li, Gholamreza Haffari, Shirui PanICLR 2024 · 499 citations
- G-Retriever: Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Textual Graph Understanding and Question AnsweringXiaoxin He, Yijun Tian, Yifei Sun, Nitesh V. Chawla et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 384 citations
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- QA-GraphRAG: Query-Adaptive Plug-and-Play Retrieval Integration for Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented GenerationZeang Sheng, Ruihong Sun, Jiahao Xu, Hanmei Luo et al.VLDB 2026
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- Query-Aware Graph Attention for Precise Subgraph Retrieval in Knowledge-Augmented ReasoningYuanye Xu, Linyi Guo, Yue Zhang, Fu NingACL Findings 2026
- GraphRAG-R1: Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Process-Constrained Reinforcement LearningChuanyue Yu, Kuo Zhao, Yuhan Li, Heng Chang et al.WWW 2026 · 8 citations
