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EMNLP Findings2024

BERGEN: A Benchmarking Library for Retrieval-Augmented Generation

David Rau, Hervé Déjean, Nadezhda Chirkova, Thibault Formal, Shuai Wang, Stéphane Clinchant, Vassilina Nikoulina

Abstract

Retrieval-Augmented Generation allows to enhance Large Language Models with external knowledge.In response to the recent popularity of generative LLMs, many RAG approaches have been proposed, which involve an intricate number of different configurations such as evaluation datasets, collections, metrics, retrievers, and LLMs.Inconsistent benchmarking poses a major challenge in comparing approaches and understanding the impact of each component in the pipeline.In this work, we study best practices that lay the groundwork for a systematic evaluation of RAG and present BERGEN, an end-to-end library for reproducible research standardizing RAG experiments.In an extensive study focusing on QA, we benchmark different state-of-the-art retrievers, rerankers, and LLMs.Additionally, we analyze existing RAG metrics and datasets.Our open-source library BERGEN is available under https://github.com/naver/bergen.

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the full paper · 7 top-tier papers that cite it · related work

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Cited by top-tier papers7

  1. SAGEO Arena: A Realistic Environment for Evaluating Search-Augmented Generative Engine OptimizationSunghwan Kim, Wooseok Jeong, Serin Kim, Sangam Lee et al.KDD 2026 · 8 citations
  2. ChatR1: Reinforcement Learning for Conversational Reasoning and Retrieval Augmented Question AnsweringSimon Lupart, Mohammad Aliannejadi, Evangelos KanoulasACL 2026 · 5 citations
  3. Provence: efficient and robust context pruning for retrieval-augmented generationNadezhda Chirkova, Thibault Formal, Vassilina Nikoulina, Stéphane ClinchantICLR 2025 · 2 citations
  4. M4-RAG: A Massive-Scale Multilingual Multi-Cultural Multimodal RAGDavid Anugraha, Patrick Amadeus Irawan, Anshul Singh, En-Shiun Annie Lee et al.CVPR 2026 · 2 citations
  5. Sufficient Context: A New Lens on Retrieval Augmented Generation SystemsHailey Joren, Jianyi Zhang, Chun-Sung Ferng, Da-Cheng Juan et al.ICLR 2025

Builds on13

  1. Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP TasksPatrick Lewis, Ethan Perez, Aleksandra Piktus, Fabio Petroni et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 19,162 citations
  2. Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use ToolsTimo Schick, Jane Dwivedi-Yu, Roberto Dessì, Roberta Raileanu et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 5,989 citations
  3. QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMsTim Dettmers, Artidoro Pagnoni, Ari Holtzman, Luke ZettlemoyerNeurIPS 2023 · 5,863 citations
  4. Finetuned Language Models are Zero-Shot LearnersJason Wei, Maarten Bosma, Vincent Y. Zhao, Kelvin Guu et al.ICLR 2022 · 4,966 citations
  5. TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human FalsehoodsStephanie Lin, Jacob Hilton, Owain EvansACL 2022 · 3,228 citations

Related papers

  1. PRGB Benchmark: A Robust Placeholder-Assisted Algorithm for Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented GenerationZhehao Tan, Yihan Jiao, Dan Yang, Junwei Liu et al.AAAI 2026
  2. LaRA: Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Long-Context LLMs - No Silver Bullet for LC or RAG RoutingKuan Li, Liwen Zhang, Yong Jiang, Pengjun Xie et al.ICML 2025
  3. XRAG: Examining the Core - Benchmarking Foundational Components in Advanced Retrieval-Augmented GenerationQili Zhang, Qianren Mao, Yangyifei Luo, Yashuo Luo et al.ICDE 2026 · 1 citation
  4. Not All RAGs Are Created Equal: A Component-Wise Empirical Study for Software Engineering TasksQiang Ke, Yanjie Zhao, Hongjin Leng, Shengming Zhao et al.FSE 2026
  5. When to use Graphs in RAG: A Comprehensive Analysis for Graph Retrieval-Augmented GenerationZhishang Xiang, Chuanjie Wu, Qinggang Zhang, Shengyuan Chen et al.ICLR 2026 · 56 citations
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