LLMs can Perform Multi-Dimensional Analytic Writing Assessments: A Case Study of L2 Graduate-Level Academic English Writing
Zhengxiang Wang, Veronika Makarova, Zhi Li, Jordan Kodner, Owen Rambow
Abstract
The paper explores the performance of LLMs in the context of multi-dimensional analytic writing assessments, i.e. their ability to provide both scores and comments based on multiple assessment criteria. Using a corpus of literature reviews written by L2 graduate students and assessed by human experts against 9 analytic criteria, we prompt several popular LLMs to perform the same task under various conditions. To evaluate the quality of feedback comments, we apply a novel feedback comment quality evaluation framework. This framework is interpretable, cost-efficient, scalable, and reproducible, compared to existing methods that rely on manual judgments. We find that LLMs can generate reasonably good and generally reliable multi-dimensional analytic assessments. We release our corpus and code 1 for reproducibility.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext 25d512c8-6ae4-4b08-bee7-498e76fb2fd1Builds on4
- Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackLong Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 24,707 citations
- BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTTianyi Zhang, Varsha Kishore, Felix Wu, Kilian Q. Weinberger et al.ICLR 2020 · 8,443 citations
- Can Large Language Models Be an Alternative to Human Evaluations?David Cheng-Han Chiang, Hung-yi LeeACL 2023 · 254 citations
- Finding Blind Spots in Evaluator LLMs with Interpretable ChecklistsSumanth Doddapaneni, Mohammed Safi Ur Rahman Khan, Sshubam Verma, Mitesh M. KhapraEMNLP 2024 · 3 citations
Related papers
- LLM-Rubric: A Multidimensional, Calibrated Approach to Automated Evaluation of Natural Language TextsHelia Hashemi, Jason Eisner, Corby Rosset, Benjamin Van Durme et al.ACL 2024 · 27 citations
- Large Language Models for Automated Literature Review: An Evaluation of Reference Generation, Abstract Writing, and Review CompositionXuemei Tang, Xufeng Duan, Zhenguang G. CaiEMNLP 2025 · 5 citations
- Help Me Write a Story: Evaluating LLMs' Ability to Generate Writing FeedbackHannah Rashkin, Elizabeth Clark, Fantine Huot, Mirella LapataACL 2025 · 7 citations
- A Dual-Perspective NLG Meta-Evaluation Framework with Automatic Benchmark and Better InterpretabilityXinyu Hu, Mingqi Gao, Li Lin, Zhenghan Yu et al.ACL 2025
- AI-Mediated Feedback Improves Student Revisions: A Randomized Trial with FeedbackWriter in a Large Undergraduate CourseXinyi Lu, Kexin Phyllis Ju, Mitchell Dudley, Larissa Sano et al.CHI 2026 · 1 citation
