UPBEAT: Test Input Checks of Q# Quantum Libraries

High-level programming models like Q# significantly simplify the complexity of programming for quantum computing. These models are supported by a set of foundation libraries for code development. However, errors can occur in the library implementation, and one common root cause is the lack of or incomplete checks on properties like values, length, and quantum states of inputs passed to user-facing subroutines. This paper presents Upbeat, a fuzzing tool to generate random test cases for bugs related to input checking in Q# libraries. Upbeat develops an automated process to extract constraints from the API documentation and the developer implemented input-checking statements. It leverages open-source Q# code samples to synthesize test programs. It frames the test case generation as a constraint satisfaction problem for classical computing and a quantum state model for quantum computing to produce carefully generated subroutine inputs to test if the input-checking mechanism is appropriately implemented. Under 100 hours of automated test runs, Upbeat has successfully identified 16 bugs in API implementations and 4 documentation errors. Of these, 14 have been confirmed, and 12 have been fixed by the library developers.