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EMNLP Findings2023

RefGPT: Dialogue Generation of GPT, by GPT, and for GPT

Dongjie Yang, Ruifeng Yuan, Yuantao Fan, Yifei Yang, Zili Wang, Shusen Wang, Hai Zhao

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have attained the impressive capability to resolve a wide range of NLP tasks by fine-tuning with highquality instruction data. However, collecting human-written data of high quality, especially multi-turn dialogues, is expensive and unattainable for most people. Though previous studies have used powerful LLMs to generate the dialogues automatically, they all suffer from generating untruthful dialogues because of the model hallucination. Therefore, we propose a method called RefGPT to generate enormous truthful and customized dialogues without worrying about factual errors caused by the model hallucination. RefGPT solves the model hallucination in dialogue generation by restricting the LLMs to leverage the given reference instead of reciting their own knowledge to generate dialogues. Additionally, RefGPT adds detailed controls on every utterance to enable high customization capability, which previous studies have ignored. On the basis of RefGPT, we also propose two high-quality dialogue datasets generated by GPT-4, namely RefGPT-Fact and RefGPT-Code. RefGPT-Fact is a dataset with 100k multi-turn dialogues based on factual knowledge and RefGPT-Code has 76k multi-turn dialogues covering a wide range of coding scenarios. Our code and datasets are released in https://github.com/mutonix/ RefGPT.

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Cited by top-tier papers8

  1. KaLM-Embedding-V2: Superior Training Techniques and Data Inspire A Versatile Embedding ModelXinping Zhao, Xinshuo Hu, Zifei Shan, Shouzheng Huang et al.ICLR 2026 · 47 citations
  2. Fine-Tuned Large Language Model for Visualization System: A Study on Self-Regulated Learning in EducationLin Gao, Jing Lu, Zekai Shao, Ziyue Lin et al.IEEE VIS 2024 · 27 citations
  3. Attribution, Citation, and Quotation: A Survey of Evidence-based Text Generation with Large Language ModelsTobias Schreieder, Tim Schopf, Michael FärberACL 2026 · 10 citations
  4. Towards True Speech-to-Speech Models Without Text GuidanceXingjian Zhao, Zhe Xu, Luozhijie Jin, Yang Wang et al.ICLR 2026 · 8 citations
  5. CogniBench: A Legal-inspired Framework and Dataset for Assessing Cognitive Faithfulness of Large Language ModelsXiaqiang Tang, Jian Li, Keyu Hu, Nan Du et al.ACL 2025 · 3 citations

Builds on2

  1. G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using Gpt-4 with Better Human AlignmentYang Liu, Dan Iter, Yichong Xu, Shuohang Wang et al.EMNLP 2023 · 549 citations
  2. Dialog Inpainting: Turning Documents into DialogsZhuyun Dai, Arun Tejasvi Chaganty, Vincent Y. Zhao, Aida Amini et al.ICML 2022 · 77 citations

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  4. API Pack: A Massive Multi-Programming Language Dataset for API Call GenerationZhen Guo, Adriana Meza Soria, Wei Sun, Yikang Shen et al.ICLR 2025
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