NexusSum: Hierarchical LLM Agents for Long-Form Narrative Summarization
Hyuntak Kim, Byung-Hak Kim
Abstract
Summarizing long-form narratives-such as books, movies, and TV scripts-requires capturing intricate plotlines, character interactions, and thematic coherence, a task that remains challenging for existing LLMs. We introduce NEXUSSUM, a multi-agent LLM framework for narrative summarization that processes long-form text through a structured, sequential pipeline-without requiring fine-tuning. Our approach introduces two key innovations: (1) Dialogue-to-Description Transformation: A narrative-specific preprocessing method that standardizes character dialogue and descriptive text into a unified format, improving coherence. (2) Hierarchical Multi-LLM Summarization: A structured summarization pipeline that optimizes chunk processing and controls output length for accurate, high-quality summaries. Our method establishes a new state-of-the-art in narrative summarization, achieving up to a 30.0% improvement in BERTScore (F1) across books, movies, and TV scripts. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of multiagent LLMs in handling long-form content, offering a scalable approach for structured summarization in diverse storytelling domains. * Equal contribution. Preprocessor ( ) Narrative ( ) Preprocessed Narrative ( ) Chunking Concat Chunking Concat Narrative Summarizer ( ) Initial Summary ( ) Chunking Compressor ( ) Stage 1. Preprocessing Stage 2. Narrative Summarization Initial Summary ( ) Concat Summary 1 ( ) Compressor ( ) Summary ( )
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext 1b513d0a-9d49-4629-b062-3ec1f2141727Cited by top-tier papers4
- Benefits and Limitations of Communication in Multi-Agent ReasoningMichael Rizvi-Martel, Satwik Bhattamishra, Neil Rathi, Guillaume Rabusseau et al.ICLR 2026 · 9 citations
- Learning to Summarize by Learning to Quiz: Adversarial Agentic Collaboration for Long Document SummarizationWeixuan Wang, Minghao Wu, Barry Haddow, Alexandra BirchICLR 2026 · 3 citations
- ThreadSumm: Summarization of Nested Discourse Threads Using Tree of ThoughtsOlubusayo Olabisi, Ekata Mitra, Ameeta AgrawalACL 2026
- Agent Newsroom: Efficient Chronological Report Generation via Dynamic Multi-Agent CollaborationZhenhua Wang, Chunlei Wang, Yue Geng, Bang WangACL 2026
Builds on5
- Deberta: decoding-Enhanced Bert with Disentangled AttentionPengcheng He, Xiaodong Liu, Jianfeng Gao, Weizhu ChenICLR 2021 · 3,729 citations
- Unlimiformer: Long-Range Transformers with Unlimited Length InputAmanda Bertsch, Uri Alon, Graham Neubig, Matthew GormleyNeurIPS 2023 · 176 citations
- BooookScore: A systematic exploration of book-length summarization in the era of LLMsYapei Chang, Kyle Lo, Tanya Goyal, Mohit IyyerICLR 2024 · 173 citations
- Agent-as-Judge for Factual Summarization of Long NarrativesYeonseok Jeong, Minsoo Kim, Seung-won Hwang, Byung-Hak KimEMNLP 2025 · 1 citation
- SummScreen: A Dataset for Abstractive Screenplay SummarizationMingda Chen, Zewei Chu, Sam Wiseman, Kevin GimpelACL 2022
Related papers
- SummN: A Multi-Stage Summarization Framework for Long Input Dialogues and DocumentsYusen Zhang, Ansong Ni, Ziming Mao, Chen Henry Wu et al.ACL 2022
- CoMeT: Collaborative Memory Transformer for Efficient Long Context ModelingRunsong Zhao, Shilei Liu, Jiwei Tang, Langming Liu et al.ACL 2026 · 7 citations
- HowToNarrate: A General-Domain Benchmark for Synchronized Video Narration with External KnowledgeXueyan Wang, Dingyi Yang, Qin JinACL 2026
- SNaC: Coherence Error Detection for Narrative SummarizationTanya Goyal, Junyi Jessy Li, Greg DurrettEMNLP 2022 · 19 citations
- DialogLM: Pre-trained Model for Long Dialogue Understanding and SummarizationMing Zhong, Yang Liu, Yichong Xu, Chenguang Zhu et al.AAAI 2022 · 150 citations
