SoK: Integrity, Attestation, and Auditing of Program Execution
Mahmoud Ammar, Adam Caulfield, Ivan De Oliveira Nunes
Abstract
This paper provides a systematic exploration of Control Flow Integrity (CFI) and Control Flow Attestation (CFA) mechanisms, examining their differences and relationships. It addresses crucial questions about the goals, assumptions, features, and design spaces of CFI and CFA, including their potential coexistence on the same platform. Through a comprehensive review of existing defenses, this paper positions CFI and CFA within the broader landscape of runtime defenses, critically evaluating their strengths, limitations, and trade-offs. The findings emphasize the importance of further research to bridge the gaps in CFI and CFA and thus advance the field of runtime defenses.
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Cited by top-tier papers2
- SoK: On the Fragility of Memory Error Exploit MitigationsAdriaan Jacobs, Mahmoud Ammar, Stijn VolckaertUSENIX Security 2026
- EXIA: Trusted Transitions for Enclaves via External-Input AttestationZhen Huang, Yidi Kao, Sanchuan Chen, Guoxing Chen et al.NDSS 2026
Builds on44
- Spectre Attacks: Exploiting Speculative ExecutionPaul Kocher, Jann Horn, Anders Fogh, Daniel Genkin et al.S&P 2019 · 2,435 citations
- Data-Oriented Programming: On the Expressiveness of Non-control Data AttacksHong Hu, Shweta Shinde, Sendroiu Adrian, Zheng Leong Chua et al.S&P 2016 · 420 citations
- Keystone: an open framework for architecting trusted execution environmentsDayeol Lee, David Kohlbrenner, Shweta Shinde, Krste Asanovic et al.EuroSys 2020 · 381 citations
- C-FLAT: Control-Flow Attestation for Embedded Systems SoftwareTigist Abera, N. Asokan, Lucas Davi, Jan-Erik Ekberg et al.CCS 2016 · 311 citations
- A Tough Call: Mitigating Advanced Code-Reuse Attacks at the Binary LevelVictor van der Veen, Enes Göktas, Moritz Contag, Andre Pawlowski et al.S&P 2016 · 227 citations
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