Detecting concurrency vulnerabilities based on partial orders of memory and thread events

Memory vulnerabilities are the main causes of software security problems. However, detecting vulnerabilities in multi-threaded programs is challenging because many vulnerabilities occur under specific executions, and it is hard to explore all possible executions of a multi-threaded program. Existing approaches are either computationally intensive or likely to miss some vulnerabilities due to the complex thread interleaving. This paper introduces a novel approach to detect concurrency memory vulnerabilities based on partial orders of events. A partial order on a set of events represents the definite execution orders of events. It allows constructing feasible traces exposing specific vulnerabilities by exchanging the execution orders of vulnerability-potential events. It also reduces the search space of possible executions and thus improves computational efficiency. We propose new algorithms to extract vulnerability-potential event pairs for three kinds of memory vulnerabilities. We also design a novel algorithm to compute a potential event pair's feasible set, which contains the relevant events required by a feasible trace. Our method extends existing approaches for data race detection by considering that two events are protected by the same lock. We implement a prototype of our approach and conduct experiments to evaluate its performance. Experimental results show that our tool exhibits superiority over state-of-the-art algorithms in both effectiveness and efficiency.