Aspect-Aware Content-Based Recommendations for Mathematical Research Papers

Content-based research paper recommendation (CbRPR) has seen advances in computer science and biomedicine, but remains unexplored for mathematics, where paper relatedness is more conceptual than explicit textual or citation-based similarity. Mathematics papers may be connected through shared proof techniques, logical implications, or natural generalizations, yet exhibit minimal textual or citation overlap, rendering existing CbRPR ineffective. To address this gap, we first conduct an expert-driven study characterizing mathematical recommendations, revealing that relevance is inherently aspect-driven. Grounded in this insight, we introduce GoldRiM (small, expert-annotated) and SilverRiM (large, automatically derived), the first datasets for aspect-aware CbRPR in mathematics. Recognizing that LLM embeddings of mathematical content alone yield suboptimal representation, we propose AchGNN, an aspect-conditioned heterogeneous GNN that jointly models textual semantics, citation structure, and author lineage. Across GoldRiM and SilverRiM, AchGNN consistently outperforms prior aspect-based CbRPR methods, achieving substantial gains across all evaluated aspects. We conduct ablation studies to analyze the contributions of individual aspect supervision, authorship lineage, and graph-structural signals to AchGNN's performance. To assess domain generality, we further evaluate AchGNN on the Papers with Code dataset of machine learning publications, demonstrating that our aspect-aware approach effectively transfers beyond mathematics. We deploy our system on the MaRDI platform to help mathematicians with recommendations and release datasets and code publicly for reproducibility.