InfoMetIC: An Informative Metric for Reference-free Image Caption Evaluation
Anwen Hu, Shizhe Chen, Liang Zhang, Qin Jin
Abstract
Automatic image captioning evaluation is critical for benchmarking and promoting advances in image captioning research. Existing metrics only provide a single score to measure caption qualities, which are less explainable and informative. Instead, we humans can easily identify the problems of captions in details, e.g., which words are inaccurate and which salient objects are not described, and then rate the caption quality. To support such informative feedback, we propose an Informative Metric for Reference-free Image Caption evaluation (InfoMetIC). Given an image and a caption, InfoMetIC is able to report incorrect words and unmentioned image regions at fine-grained level, and also provide a text precision score, a vision recall score and an overall quality score at coarse-grained level. The coarse-grained score of InfoMetIC achieves significantly better correlation with human judgements than existing metrics on multiple benchmarks. We also construct a token-level evaluation dataset and demonstrate the effectiveness of InfoMetIC in fine-grained evaluation. Our code and datasets are publicly available at https://github. com/HAWLYQ/InfoMetIC .
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext 06c9cf76-9ed9-4181-b6ad-35b2d74fe8deCited by top-tier papers6
- VCapsBench: A Large-scale Fine-grained Benchmark for Video Caption Quality EvaluationShi-Xue Zhang, Hongfa Wang, Duojun Huang, Xin Li et al.AAAI 2026 · 5 citations
- FLEUR: An Explainable Reference-Free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioning Using a Large Multimodal ModelYebin Lee, Imseong Park, Myungjoo KangACL 2024 · 3 citations
- HICEScore: A Hierarchical Metric for Image Captioning EvaluationZequn Zeng, Jianqiao Sun, Hao Zhang, Tiansheng Wen et al.ACM MM 2024 · 3 citations
- DISCODE: Distribution-Aware Score Decoder for Robust Automatic Evaluation of Image CaptioningNakamasa Inoue, Kanoko Goto, Masanari Oi, Martyna Gruszka et al.AAAI 2026 · 1 citation
- I0T: Embedding Standardization Method Towards Zero Modality GapNa Min An, Eunki Kim, James Thorne, Hyunjung ShimACL 2025
Builds on9
- Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh et al.ICML 2021 · 47,906 citations
- BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTTianyi Zhang, Varsha Kishore, Felix Wu, Kilian Q. Weinberger et al.ICLR 2020 · 8,443 citations
- CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image CaptioningJack Hessel, Ari Holtzman, Maxwell Forbes, Ronan Le Bras et al.EMNLP 2021 · 937 citations
- Improving Image Captioning Evaluation by Considering Inter References VarianceYanzhi Yi, Hangyu Deng, Jinglu HuACL 2020 · 44 citations
- ICECAP: Information Concentrated Entity-aware Image CaptioningAnwen Hu, Shizhe Chen, Qin JinACM MM 2020 · 20 citations
Related papers
- FAIEr: Fidelity and Adequacy Ensured Image Caption EvaluationSijin Wang, Ziwei Yao, Ruiping Wang, Zhongqin Wu et al.CVPR 2021
- LLM-Free Image Captioning Evaluation in Reference-Flexible SettingsShinnosuke Hirano, Yuiga Wada, Kazuki Matsuda, Seitaro Otsuki et al.AAAI 2026 · 2 citations
- Painting with Words: Elevating Detailed Image Captioning with Benchmark and Alignment LearningQinghao Ye, Xianhan Zeng, Fu Li, Chunyuan Li et al.ICLR 2025
- EMScore: Evaluating Video Captioning via Coarse-Grained and Fine-Grained Embedding MatchingYaya Shi, Xu Yang, Haiyang Xu, Chunfeng Yuan et al.CVPR 2022 · 31 citations
- Guiding image captioning models toward more specific captionsSimon Kornblith, Lala Li, Zirui Wang, Thao NguyenICCV 2023 · 23 citations
