MALLM-GAN: Multi-Agent Large Language Model as Generative Adversarial Network for Synthesizing Tabular Data

In the era of big data, access to abundant data is crucial to driving research forward. However, such data are often inaccessible due to privacy concerns or high costs, particularly in the healthcare domain. Generating synthetic (tabular) data can address this, but existing models typically require substantial amounts of data to train effectively, contradicting our objective of solving data scarcity. To address this challenge, we propose a novel framework to generate synthetic tabular data, powered by large language models (LLMs) that emulates the architecture of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). By incorporating the data generation process as contextual information and utilizing LLM as the optimizer, our approach significantly enhances the quality of synthetic data generation in common scenarios with small sample sizes. Our experimental results on public and private datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms several state-of-art models regarding generating higher quality synthetic data for downstream tasks while keeping the privacy of the real data in low data regime. Code is available at https: //github.com/yling1105/MALLM-GAN.