A Survey on LLM-powered Agents for Recommender Systems

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding, reasoning, and generation, prompting the recommendation community to leverage these powerful models to address fundamental challenges in traditional recommender systems, including limited comprehension of complex user intents, insufficient interaction capabilities, and inadequate recommendation interpretability. This survey presents a comprehensive synthesis of this rapidly evolving field. We consolidate existing studies into three paradigms: (i) recommenderoriented methods, which directly enhance core recommendation mechanisms; (ii) interactionoriented methods, which conduct multi-turn conversations to elicit preferences and deliver interpretable explanations; and (iii) simulationoriented methods, that model user-item interactions through multi-agent frameworks. Then, we dissect a four-module agent architecture: profile, memory, planning, and action. Then we review representative designs, public datasets, and evaluation protocols. Finally, we give the open challenges that impede real-world deployment, including cost-efficient inference, robust evaluation, and security.