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EMNLP Findings2021

ContractNLI: A Dataset for Document-level Natural Language Inference for Contracts

Yuta Koreeda, Christopher D. Manning

摘要

Reviewing contracts is a time-consuming procedure that incurs large expenses to companies and social inequality to those who cannot afford it. In this work, we propose documentlevel natural language inference (NLI) for contracts, a novel, real-world application of NLI that addresses such problems. In this task, a system is given a set of hypotheses (such as "Some obligations of Agreement may survive termination.") and a contract, and it is asked to classify whether each hypothesis is entailed by, contradicting to or not mentioned by (neutral to) the contract as well as identifying evidence for the decision as spans in the contract. We annotated and release the largest corpus to date consisting of 607 annotated contracts. We then show that existing models fail badly on our task and introduce a strong baseline, which (1) models evidence identification as multi-label classification over spans instead of trying to predict start and end tokens, and (2) employs more sophisticated context segmentation for dealing with long documents. We also show that linguistic characteristics of contracts, such as negations by exceptions, are contributing to the difficulty of this task and that there is much room for improvement.

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引用它的顶会 Paper31

  1. Unlimiformer: Long-Range Transformers with Unlimited Length InputAmanda Bertsch, Uri Alon, Graham Neubig, Matthew GormleyNeurIPS 2023 · 176 次引用
  2. FLASK: Fine-grained Language Model Evaluation based on Alignment Skill SetsSeonghyeon Ye, Doyoung Kim, Sungdong Kim, Hyeonbin Hwang 等ICLR 2024 · 176 次引用
  3. UL2: Unifying Language Learning ParadigmsYi Tay, Mostafa Dehghani, Vinh Q. Tran, Xavier Garcia 等ICLR 2023 · 97 次引用
  4. KaLM-Embedding-V2: Superior Training Techniques and Data Inspire A Versatile Embedding ModelXinping Zhao, Xinshuo Hu, Zifei Shan, Shouzheng Huang 等ICLR 2026 · 47 次引用
  5. SCROLLS: Standardized CompaRison Over Long Language SequencesUri Shaham, Elad Segal, Maor Ivgi, Avia Efrat 等EMNLP 2022 · 37 次引用

它引用的 Paper3

  1. Deberta: decoding-Enhanced Bert with Disentangled AttentionPengcheng He, Xiaodong Liu, Jianfeng Gao, Weizhu ChenICLR 2021 · 3,729 次引用
  2. LEGAL-BERT: "Preparing the Muppets for Court'"Ilias Chalkidis, Manos Fergadiotis, Prodromos Malakasiotis, Nikolaos Aletras 等EMNLP Findings 2020 · 1,073 次引用
  3. HoVer: A Dataset for Many-Hop Fact Extraction And Claim VerificationYichen Jiang, Shikha Bordia, Zheng Zhong, Charles Dognin 等EMNLP Findings 2020 · 107 次引用

相关 Paper

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