Idiom Understanding as a Tool to Measure the Dialect Gap

The tasks of idiom understanding and dialect understanding are both well-established benchmarks in natural language processing. In this paper, we propose combining them, and using regional idioms as a test of dialect understanding. Towards this end, we propose three new benchmark datasets for the Quebec dialect of French: QFrCoRE, which contains 4,633 instances of idiomatic phrases, and QFr-CoRT, which comprises 171 regional instances of idiomatic words, and a new benchmark for French Metropolitan expressions, MFrCoE, which comprises 4,938 phrases. We explain how to construct these corpora, so that our methodology can be replicated for other dialects. Our experiments with 111 LLMs reveal a critical disparity in dialectal competence: while models perform well on French Metropolitan, 65.77% of them perform significantly worse on Quebec idioms, with only 9.0% favoring the regional dialect. These results confirm that our benchmarks are a reliable tool for quantifying the dialect gap and that prestige-language proficiency does not guarantee regional dialect understanding.