StructFact: Reasoning Factual Knowledge from Structured Data with Large Language Models

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides in natural language processing by leveraging their ability to comprehend and reason with factual knowledge. However, a significant amount of factual knowledge is stored in structured data, which has unique characteristics not typically encountered in the unstructured texts used for pretraining LLMs. To evaluate the capability of LLMs in handling facts structurally stored, we introduce a benchmark called StructFact, which includes meticulously annotated factual questions, spanning five tasks that reflect the intrinsic properties of structured data. This benchmark aims to delineate the strengths and limitations of LLMs in reasoning with structured data for knowledge-intensive tasks in practical applications. Extensive experiments conducted on 10 common LLMs have yielded several insights, one notable finding being that these models struggle significantly with the heterogeneity of structured data during reasoning. Our data and codes are available 1 .