FoodTaxo: Generating Food Taxonomies with Large Language Models

We investigate the utility of Large Language Models for automated taxonomy generation and completion specifically applied to taxonomies from the food technology industry. We explore the extent to which taxonomies can be completed from a seed taxonomy or generated without a seed from a set of known concepts, in an iterative fashion using recent prompting techniques. Experiments on five taxonomies using an open-source LLM (Llama-3), while promising, point to the difficulty of correctly placing inner nodes. dish ( Non-Leaf ) , chicken marengo ( Leaf ) casserole ( Non-Leaf ) , chicken casserole ( Leaf ) broth ( Non-Leaf ) , chicken broth ( Leaf ) ``C andidates: chicken cordon bleu , croquette , pudding , pasta , succotash , chow mein , cottage pie , spaghetti and meatballs , poi , jambalaya , roulade , swiss steak , tamale pie , bacon and eggs , enchilada , barbecue , meat loaf , patty , lobster thermidor , potpie , coquilles saint jacques , sauerbraten , coq au vin , sauerkraut , tetrazzini , moussaka , refried beans , fondue , dolmas , steak au poivre , viand , sukiyaki , timbale , porridge , scallopine , seafood newburg , lutefisk , frittata , omelet , soup , pepper steak , spanish rice , galantine , barbecued wing , salisbury steak , sashimi , couscous , fish and chips , piece de resistance , veal cordon bleu , hash , chop suey , scotch egg , scrambled eggs , poached egg , chicken marengo , casserole , terrine , macedoine , pizza , meatball , welsh rarebit , osso buco , kishke , chicken paprika , carbonnade flamande , shirred egg , scampi , mold , taco , pork and beans , bitok , french toast , burrito , scrapple , haggis , pheasant under glass , maryland chicken , beef bourguignonne , boiled dinner , rijsttaffel , chicken and rice , schnitzel , kabob , beef wellington , risotto , paella , tempura , special , souffle , mousse , fish stick , tostada , frog legs , chili , snack food , ramekin , ham and eggs , boiled egg , chicken provencale , rissole , pilaf , applesauce goo gai pan , kedgeree , stew , coleslaw , tossed salad , herring salad , crab louis , tuna fish salad , molded salad , pasta salad , potato salad , salmagundi , tabbouleh , chicken salad , fruit salad , lamb curry , raita , fruit custard , bavarian cream , creme caramel , knish , pirogi , apple turnover , samosa andidates: chicken cordon bleu , croquette , pudding , pasta , succotash , chow mein , cottage pie , spaghetti and meatballs , poi , jambalaya , roulade , swiss steak , tamale pie , bacon and eggs , enchilada , barbecue , meat loaf , patty , lobster thermidor , potpie , coquilles saint jacques , sauerbraten , coq au vin , sauerkraut , tetrazzini , moussaka , refried beans , fondue , dolmas , steak au poivre , viand , sukiyaki , timbale , porridge , scallopine , seafood newburg , lutefisk , frittata , omelet , soup , pepper steak , spanish rice , galantine , barbecued wing , salisbury steak , sashimi , couscous , fish and chips , piece de resistance , veal cordon bleu , hash , chop suey , scotch egg , scrambled eggs , poached egg , chicken marengo , casserole , terrine , macedoine , pizza , meatball , welsh rarebit , osso buco , kishke , chicken paprika , carbonnade flamande , shirred egg , scampi , mold , taco , pork and beans , bitok , french toast , burrito , scrapple , haggis , pheasant under glass , maryland chicken , beef bourguignonne , boiled dinner , rijsttaffel , chicken and rice , schnitzel , kabob , beef wellington , risotto , paella , tempura , special , souffle , mousse , fish stick , tostada , frog legs , chili , snack food , ramekin , ham and eggs , boiled egg , chicken provencale , rissole , pilaf , applesauce , moo goo gai pan , kedgeree , stew , tossed salad , molded salad , chicken salad , crab louis , salmagundi , potato salad , herring salad , fruit salad , tuna fish salad , tabbouleh , pasta salad , coleslaw , lamb curry , raita , fruit custard , bavarian cream , creme caramel , knish , apple turnover , pirogi , samosa andidates: irish soda bread , oatcake , date bread , date nut bread , banana bread , nut bread , corn cake , corn dab , spoon bread , skillet corn bread , cornpone , johnnycake , ashcake , baking powder biscuit , buttermilk biscuit , rolled biscuit , drop biscuit , bran muffin , corn muffin , popover , drop scone , chicken cordon bleu , croquette , pudding , pasta , succotash , chow mein , cottage pie , spaghetti and meatballs , poi , jambalaya , roulade , swiss steak , tamale pie , bacon and eggs , enchilada , barbecue , meat loaf , patty , lobster thermidor , potpie , coquilles saint jacques , sauerbraten , coq au vin , sauerkraut , tetrazzini , moussaka , refried beans , fondue , dolmas , steak au poivre , viand , sukiyaki , timbale , porridge , scallopine , seafood newburg , lutefisk , frittata , omelet , soup , pepper steak , spanish rice , galantine , barbecued wing , salisbury steak , sashimi , couscous , fish and chips , piece de resistance , veal cordon bleu , hash , suey , scotch egg , sc